Identification and Elimination of Bottleneck for Competitive Advantage Term Paper

Identification and Elimination of Bottleneck for Competitive Advantage - Term Paper Example Identification of Process Bottlenecks The implementation of Six Sigma Principle involved a step by step improvement of quality standard. The processes which improve the system’s overall quality often prove to be the ones restricting the capacity of the system and overall process. The constraints of the system results in inherent flaws and reduces the operational efficiency, thereby impacting the profits. The processes which act as a constraint in Mario Pizza Store increase the cycle time1 resulting in a decrease in the profits and leads to customer annoyance. The main constraints of the system are the order processing time and wait time for the customers (Shafer and Meredith, 2009). The order processing time includes the time spent in order acquisition and manufacturing of Pizza until the customer is served. The order acquisition by the waiters is a difficult measure to model and improve because of the presence of a human element. The menu points can solve this tangle giving a rather measurable indicator which can be worked on. The manufacturing involves the presence to required ingredients in the right shelves which are readily accessible by the kitchen staff (Stevenson, 2011). The processing time of the ovens is another indicator which can be easily monitored and improved by the utilization of automatic ovens and utilization of better technology. The automatic ovens can also help to reduce the kitchen staff. The second constraint highlighted in the process is the wait time of the customer which is inturn dependent on the length of the queue and seating capacity. The enhancement in seating capacity is a strategic decision involving serious financial implications and is not advisable because the same would result in under utilization of seating capacity during non-peak hours thereby increasing the maintenance costs (Jacobs and Chase, 2010). The improvement in the order processing time can reduce the waiting time as well which would reduce the overall cyc le time. The main constraint in the system causing a bottleneck is the order processing time whose improvement will definitely improve the waiting time. The emphasis should therefore be placed on the improvement of order processing time (Stevenson, 2010). 1Cycle Time: The total time a customer spends in the Pizza store from entry till departure. Improvement in Bottleneck Resource The order processing time can be reduced thereby optimizing the overall process capability. The introduction of better cooking oven, the availability of inventory and the placement of ingredients at the right place can significantly reduce the processing time. The placement of ingredients in readily accessible shelves will reduce the movements of the kitchen staff. Advanced cooking ovens will not only improve the processing time but the setup time as well. The availability of inventory will reduce the idle time of the ovens (Jacobs, Chase and Aquilano, 2005). Conclusion The correct identification, diligent analysis and successful improvements in a bottleneck enhance the overall performance of the system. The suggested measures will not only reduce the overall cycle time but will also be instrumental in increasing the profit margin as well as the customer satisfaction. The improvement in the core technology & inventory system will reduce the process time of bottleneck and perk up the system’s overall efficiency. As Goldratt said â€Å"

Structural Functionalism and Conflict Theory Essay Example for Free

Structural Functionalism and Conflict Theory Essay Karl Marx and Max Weber were the first conflict theorists in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Following Marx and Weber were three mid-20th century conflict theorists: Lewis Coser, Ralf Dahrendorf, and Randall Collins. Coser draws his theoretical ideas from Simmel. Like Simmel, Coser maintains that conflict is healthy for society. In contrast, Dahrendorf combines theoretical ideas from Marx and Weber. Dahrendorf sees power as the main feature in all social relationships. However, Collins incorporates Weber, Durkheim, and Goffman’s theories to provide a micro-level orientation to conflict theory. Collins also used geopolitics at a global level to examine political conflicts historically and geographically. According to Marx and Weber, the root of most social conflict comes from an unequal distribution of class, status, and power, as well as a group’s sense of deprivation caused by class (Allan, 2007). Coser, Dahrendorf, and Collins added to Marx and Weber’s theories. These conflict theorists assert that the degree of deprivation is essential in creating class consciousness and critical awareness. In particular, Coser discusses the consequences of inter and intra group conflict. Internal conflict can build up over time between groups and become explosive. Internal groups have a psychological need to be in conflict with each other. Modes of releasing hostility and developing authority with a corresponding justice system are necessary for healthy internal conflict. Further, external conflicts between groups create well defined and guarded boundaries to distinguish membership. Group membership becomes exclusive, which is necessary for group survival. â€Å"Conflict sets boundaries between groups within a social system by strengthening group consciousness and awareness of separateness, thus establishing the identity of groups within the system† (Coser, as quoted in Allan, p. 219, 2007). Coser maintains that conflict can have functional consequences. Some functional consequences of conflict are: social change, innovation, and increased centralized power. Structural Functionalism was the dominant theoretical approach in the United States from the 1930s through the 1970s. Structural Functionalism asserts that the various parts of society are interrelated and form a complete  system. â€Å"Just as the body is a system with specific parts (e.g., arms, legs, liver) that ensure its overall functioning, so, too, society is a system with specific parts (family, government, economy, religion, etc.) necessary for its very survival† (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008, p. 349). Two key structural functionalism theorists are Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton. Parsons theories were highly abstract. Parsons developed a social action theory to explain why people behave the way they do. He explained human actions as a result of three systems: social systems, personality systems, and cultural, and behavioral systems (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008). These systems are not separate entities; rather together they form a simplified model of society. â€Å"Social systems, personality systems, and cultural systems undergird all action and all social life† (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008, p. 352). Parsons applied his theory to the American family in Sex Roles in the American Kinship System (1943). Parsons proclaimed that â€Å"many women succumb to their dependency cravings through such channels as neurotic illness or compulsive domesticity and thereby abdicate both their responsibilities and their opportunities for genuine independence† (Parsons, 1943 as quoted by Appelrouth and Edles, 2008, p. 382). Sex Roles in the American Kinship System (1943) incited criticisms as Parson endorsed traditional gender roles, and asserted that dire consequences would occur if these roles were breached. Robert Merton’s theoretical influences were broad. He read extensively, and there are elements of Durkheim, Weber, Simmel, and Marx in his theories. In contrast to Parson’s abstract theories, Merton was a middle-range theorist. Middle range theories â€Å"lie between the minor but necessary working hypotheses that evolve in abundance during day-to-day research and the all-inclusive systematic efforts to develop a unified theory that will explain all the observed uniformities of social behavior, social organization, and social change† (Merton, as quoted by Appelrouth and Edles, p. 383). Merton was best known for his distinction between manifest and latent functions. Whereas manifest functions are the conscious intentions of the actor, latent functions are the unintended consequences of the action. Merton used the example of the Hopi rain dance to illustrate manifest and latent functions. The manifest function of the rain dance often does not  produce rain, and is called superstitious by some. However, the rain dance continues to be performed for a function that the actor is unaware of, which is the latent function (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008). â€Å"†¦This behavior may perform a function for the group, although this function may be quite remote from the avowed purpose of the behavior† (Merton, 1949 as quoted by Appelrouth and Edles, 2008, p. 391). Even though the Hopi rain ceremony does not produce the manifest function of producing rain, the ceremony does bear latent functions that sociologists and anthropologists can study. Parsons Sex Roles in the American Kinship System (1943) received a lot of criticism in the 20th century. This 20th century criticism stems from Parsons endorsement of traditional gender roles, and the dire consequences that would occur should these roles be breached. Interestingly, the 21st century critiqued the 20th century critiques. The 21st century does not claim that Parsons assertions were not sexist, rather that the 20th century critiques were sexist (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008). As Appelrouth and Edles (2008) note, Parson’s pivotal premise was not sexist at all. Parsons believed that changes that are functional for one part of the system will produce changes that are not necessarily functional for other parts of the system. Appelrouth and Edles (2008) further noted the sexism in the 20th century in the premise that women could enter the workforce without significant changes being made to other social structures and systems, and without a major increase in quality dayca re and childcare facilities. How would Parsons view 21st century families? I maintain that Parsons might find 21st century families dysfunctional. Twenty-first century families do not have the rigid structure that Parsons describes. Parsons wrote from a 1940s, 1950s white male middle class perspective, and could not picture the perspective of other social classes. However, families today are socially and racially diverse, especially in the US, and even the white middle class family does not fit Parsons proscribed role definitions. In the 21st century, there is substantial role confusion in families. Gay and lesbian couples adopt children and raise them with same sex parents. More fathers stay at home to take care of their children while the mother is the primary breadwinner. Increased educational opportunities for women have produced a professional class of women who sometimes earn substantially more than their  husbands. Families in the 21st century are also deciding to have fewer children, and are marrying at a later age (and sometimes not at all). In short, the 21st century has produced more: women in the workforce, single parent households, stay-at-home dads, same sex parents, and racially blended families. It is arguable whether families in the 21st century are dysfunctional. Certainly there are dysfunctional families; yet, many families perform well in the new social order. Would Parsons view the 21st century change in sex roles as negatively affecting the family? Indeed, some would argue that changed sex role definitions create confusion, and affect the family and the socialization of children negatively. However, sex role changes in the 21st century are logical when one looks at the situation using Parson’s AGIL scheme. The 21st century has produced rapid changes, and as a result, family roles have had to change in order to adapt to the new environment. Social changes and changes in the job market have forced people to conform. Therefore, families have had to adapt to the new economic system (A), and therefore have new goals (G), which create changes in the social system with norms and interactions (I), and thus cultural systemic change occurs to adapt to the new order (L) (Appelrouth and Edles, 2008). Hence, the new social order is more functional for the 21st century. Therefore, it can be concluded that Parsons fixed and inflexible role structure is only one depiction of a functional family, as portrayed by 21st century families. Merton’s manifest and latent functions are applicable as a functional analysis tool for social organizations. In evaluating social programs, assessors may tend to just investigate manifest functions. When querying a social organization as to whether they achieved their program goals or intended purpose, the answer received in the manifest function gives little depth of information. Granted, this type of manifest inquiry is important, as it reveals whether programs have achieved their stated goals. Nevertheless, this manifest inquiry can be achieved simply by questioning agency personnel. On the other hand, utilizing latent inquiry, the assessor can discover deeper theoretical problems. By simply examining manifest functions, the evaluator becomes merely a recorder and transcriber of  behavior and actions. In contrast, latent inquiry provides more depth to an assessment. Latent inquiry discovers unrecognized information that cannot be obtained by a manifest inquiry. Latent inquiry discovers consequences, motivations, and paradoxes, which provide useful assessment information. Therefore, when used together, both manifest and latent functions are a valuable functional analysis tool for sociological inquiry. Resources Allan, K. (2007). The Social Lens: An Invitation to Social and Sociological Theory. California: Pine Forge Press. Appelrouth, S., and Edles, L. (2008). Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory. California: Pine Forge Press.

Theories for superiority and success

Theories for superiority and success Adler felt behaviour was motivated mainly by social influences and by a striving for superiority or success; power being the basic drive, rather than sexuality as Freud suggested. Adler (1922) said it was an inferiority complex rather than Oedipus complex that was the determining factor in neurosis. Freud felt that society rose out of aggression and sexual repression, formulating his Oedipus theory to illustrate it. He assumed experience shaped personality and that present behaviour is caused by past experiences. Adlers view was that we are responsible for who we are and behaviour is shaped by our experiences and view of the future, the opposite to Freuds theory. Adler also believed that psychologically healthy people behave consciously, aware of what and why they do what they do, in contrast with Freud, who placed heavy emphasis on unconscious components of behaviour. (Anne Shyne 1942) Adler (1917) studied organ inferiority as a doctor and the physical compensations made for a part that wasnt working properly. He felt people are born with weak, inferior bodies that lead to feelings of inferiority and dependence on others. He said that if a person managed to compensate properly for inferior feelings then they will pass through this phase successfully and become a mentally healthy person. On the other hand if the person fails to compensate for their weakness they may develop an inferiority complex believing themselves less worthy than others. In his mind it was physical inferiorities, not sex, which formed the foundation of human motivation. Along with his inferiority theory he developed his aggression instinct theory; aggression begins with feelings of inferiority or anxiety within the family-our earliest social contacts. Freud disagreed at the time, however proposed a similar idea some years later: the death instinct, where self defeating behaviours, e.g. violence and aggression, are a product of this instinct. (Boeree 2006) Feist.J, Feist, G, (2008) wrote that both Freud and Adler were influenced by the horrors of World War I and both amended their theories; Freud promoted aggression as a basic human drive alongside the sex drive, whereas Adler, influenced by the war experience for himself and those around him, concluded that social interest and compassion drove human motivation and not aggression. He used the term masculine protest, which implied a power to dominate others. Boys wanted to be seen as masculine i.e. strong and in charge, not weak or dependent (feminine), but this was misinterpreted labelling men innately as more assertive, so Adler downgraded the phrase (Boeree 2006), minimising its role in his theory of abnormal development. Masculine assertiveness was not due to some innate superiority but a reflection of the fact that boys were socially encouraged to be assertive, and girls discouraged; seen with boys toys e.g. swords, guns and bow and arrows, and girls toys such as dolls, prams and d olls houses. Adler revised his idea to both boys and girls begin life with the capacity for protest. Feist, J., Feist, G. (2008). Adler (1964) identified certain factors of Individual Psychology to explain our behaviour: 1. Striving for success or superiority is the driving force. 2. Subjective perceptions shape behaviour and personality. 3. Personality is unified and self-consistent. 4. Social interest dictates activity. 5. The self-consistent personality structure develops into a persons style of life. 6. Creative power moulds this style of life. The one dynamic force behind peoples behaviour is the Striving for Superiority or Success: Adler (1956) proposed our behaviour is driven by only one motivating force striving for success or superiority. In his early theory, he used the term striving for superiority to describe psychologically unhealthy people who strive for personal superiority over others, but he later proposed the term striving for success, i.e. psychologically healthy people who are motivated by social interest, not just for themselves but for others around them. Individual psychology assumes that we have physical weaknesses that activate feelings of inferiority, and it is these feelings that drive us to superiority or success and enable us to fulfil our potential. This has similarities to Rogers theory of self-actualisation and the fully functioning person and reflects one of the philosophical roots of Friederich Nietzsches will to power i.e. human driving forces, such as ambition and achievement, to reach as high a position of in life as possible. (Boeree 2006). Inferiority complex, where an adult feels inferior to others, is only developed if a child thinks that he is less worthy than others. For example, if tall men are seen as better in a particular culture, then short men might develop inferiority complex because he feels that he is less important than others. But, if that same short man lived in a culture that made no difference between both tall and short men then he would have never developed inferiority complex. A more general form of inferiority is the inferiority of children who are smaller and less competent, socially and intellectually than adults, and so naturally feel inferior. An inferiority complex can be expressed as shy and timid, insecure, indecisive and submissive, reliance on others, even manipulating others to get support; the aim is to cover up ones inferiority by pretending to be superior, e.g. bullies who try to look hard or use their size or weapon to intimidate a smaller or unarmed person. More subtle examples include people who use attention-seeking behaviour, or power by committing crimes, or put others down for their gender, race, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, weight, height, etc. Even more subtle are those who hide their feelings of worthlessness in alcohol and drugs. People respond to inferiority by compensation ie making up for their shortcomings; a weak organ can be made stronger or other organs can be overdeveloped to compensate, similarly people with psychological inferiorities behave similarly: Some compensate by becoming good at their particular weakness, whilst others master something else. Children, who we know feel inferior around adults, have one thing in common: The desire to grow up, to be big, to be an adult. Most of us manage quite well (Boree 2006). People who see themselves as having more than their fair share of physical weaknesses overcompensate for them and often have exaggerated feelings of inferiority, strive for personal gain, and set unrealistic goals they are not team players, whereas those with normal feelings of inferiority compensate by co-operating with others and developing a good level of social interest. Peoples subjective perceptions shape their behaviour and personality: Adler was influenced by the philosopher Hans Vaihinger (1925) who said people live by fictional ideals that arent realistic and cant be tested or confirmed, eg Honesty is the best policy, All men are created equal, and The end justifies the means. Ideals such as these are usually fiction; fictionalisms can help us deal more effectively with reality, or they may block our attempts to accept it. For example, if we believe in heaven and hell, it will influence how we live. According to Adler (1956) we strive toward a final goal to achieve superiority or success. Although the final goal is fictional it is still significant because it unifies personality and makes our behaviour logical. We create our fictional goal, constructed by heredity and environment, using our creative power, i.e. our ability to shape our behaviour and create our own personality. By 4 or 5 years of age, childrens creative power has developed enough to create their final goal; they are small and powerless and to compensate they create their fictional goal to be big and strong e.g. children often play at being super heroes, or want to be a fireman when I grow up. A final goal reduces feelings of inferiority and points that person in the direction of either superiority or success. Although our final goal is relatively fixed during early childhood, we remain free to change our minds at any time. Because the goal is fictional and unconscious, we also create temporary goals i.e. sub-goals that are not rigidly bound to the final goal but are created as partial solutions. In other words, even though our final goal is set during childhood, we are capable of change at any point in life. However, Adler maintained that not all our choices are conscious and that style of life is created by conscious and unconscious choices; the unconscious being the unknown part of the goal. Sub- goals and final goals fit together in a self-consistent pattern. Adler (1956) used the analogy of the playwright who builds the characters and the subplots of the play to fit with the final goal of the drama. When the last scene is disclosed everything makes sense. When our final goal is known, our behaviour makes sense and each sub-goal takes on new significance. Adler (1956) said that lifestyle is not merely a mechanical reaction, but a result of our creative power, which differs from Freud who proposed that events from our past, such as childhood trauma, determine how we are now. Adler saw motivation, as not being driven by the past, but drawn towards our goals, our future, and our ideals, Teleology: Life is not mechanical, it is hard and uncertain but always has room for change (Boree 2006). Personality is unified and self-consistent: Adler didnt separate the parts of the personality as Freud did with Id, Ego and Super Ego, or conscious/pre-conscious/unconscious. He described a unified personality which cant be separated, not a series of drives and instincts, as proposed by Freud. He saw the unconscious and conscious as two cooperating parts of one unified system. A united personality being closely linked to the fictional final goal by which we organises our life to achieve a solution to a problem. I.e. a person has goal and a solution to get there, developed in childhood and handed to the adult as the major life task, all these parts work together self-consistently to achieve. Adler recognised different ways of operating with unity and self-consistency. One way was what he called Organ Dialect, where the individual strives in a self-consistent fashion toward a single goal, and all actions and functions are part of this goal, i.e. physicality, thoughts, feelings all affect the entire person. Adler (1956) said that through organ dialect, the bodys organs: Speak a language which is usually more expressive and discloses the individuals opinion more clearly than words are able to do (p. 223). He presented an example of organ dialect; a boy who wet the bed to convey a message that he doesnt want to obey his parents. His behaviour is: really a creative expression, for the child is speaking with his bladder instead of his mouth (p. 223). A person is not a different person when he is being a dad, a husband, working, or when he is with friends etc, he is the same person pursuing the same life goals and using the same tactics to achieve them; i.e. he is a single, unified, complete person. Unlike Freud, Adler did not view parts of the personality in conflict with each other; instead he saw actions, thoughts, and feelings working together. Human activity in terms of social Interest: Social interest is how we identify with society, i.e. care in families, community etc. Adler believed such social interest is not solely innate or solely learned, but a combination of the two: Its nature is innate but needs to be nurtured to survive (Boeree 2006). Adler (1927) felt it was the natural inferiority of individuals that directs their behaviour to form groups (society) for protection, support, love etc. That is, social interest is necessary for perpetuating the human race. Adler (1924) believed that we were social beings: The human being and all his capabilities and forms of expression are inseparably linked to the existence of others concluding that a social person is much closer to happiness than the isolated person striving for superiority. Adler (1933) cited the mutually beneficial relationship of mother and child as an example of the way social interest may originate. Adlers concept of the mother-child relationship was opposite to that of Freud, who described this relationship as based partly on oral, cannibalistic drives. The self-consistent personality structure develops into a Life Style: Life-Style refers to an individuals striving towards meaning and belonging. It is a pattern of behaviour that begins early in life and forms a theme there-on. It is the result of inferiorities, perceived or actual, and results in the implementation of schemes e.g. Adlers final goal to overcome death propelled him to become a doctor. (NCHC 2012) Life style is unique to each person and is the arrangement of our social, domestic and occupational activities. Although the final goal is fairly rigid, lifestyle need not be and flexibility and diversity is seen in psychologically healthy individuals, whereas, psychologically unhealthy people are more inflexible and are less able to choose new ways of responding to whats going on around them. Healthy people express their social interest through action; actively striving to solve what Adler called the three life tasks work, friendship and love, and whose behaviour represents the ideal characteristics for survival of society, and hence humankind. How we behave to achieve life style and final goal is supported by private logic, i.e. the private reasoning we invent to solve problems that is not understood by others. An individuals private logic consists of what he really believes and intends. It includes the long-range goals of the life style, the short range goals of the immediate situation, and the rationalisations he gives himself for what he is doing. The origin is in childhood; it explains ones own experiences to self, which is then used to justify ones actions, eg a child learns how to behave to get an adults attention which may be to misbehave. Private logic differs from what is commonly thought, i.e. common sense à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the degree of the discrepancy between private logic and common sense, what Adler called the iron logic of social living, is an indicator or measure of mental health. (Manaster, 2009, p. 5) Therapy draws awareness of mistaken beliefs or faulty interpretations, and hence, the errors in our private logic. Life Style is moulded by peoples creative power: The concept of the creative self means that the individual is responsible for himself, not blaming others or uncontrollable forces for his situation. The creative self interprets inferiority, creates the final goal and aligns life style and private logic. It can be flexible to whats going on around us, initiating and maintaining change. As Adler says, we are the masters of our own personalities and destinies-creators rather than passive reactors (NCHC 2012) Adler believed that we create patterns of behaviour, safeguarding tendencies, to protect our exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace. They enable us to hide an inflated self-image and maintain our life style, e.g. excuses, aggression and withdrawal. Freud called them ego defence mechanisms (EDMs). Both men agreed that they protect against anxiety, however, Freuds theory is that they are unconscious, protecting the ego from anxiety, whereas Adlers theory suggests they are largely conscious and protect our fragile self-esteem from public disgrace Family Constellations: as well as attributing parents and other adults as early influences on a child, Adler also include siblings as early influences as well. (Boeree 2006). He believed pampering and neglect were principal factors predisposing an inferiority complex and that a persons perceived role within a family was more important than the birth order itself. The only child is more likely to be pampered, denying opportunity to develop courage and self reliance. If the parents are abusive or neglectful the only child has to endure it alone, suffering a childhood full of humiliation and insecurity. The first child starts out as an only child, with lots of attention, but this all changes when a second child arrives. At first, he tries to regain his only child status by acting like the baby, but is quickly told to grow up, and so rebels, misbehaves and withdraws. According to Adler the first child is more likely to become a problem child who is solitary and more conservative than others in the family. The second child has the first child as a pace-setter and tends to compete with him. They often succeed, but often feel as if the race is never over, never quite getting there. Middle children behave in a similar way. The youngest child is often the most pampered, the baby of the family and is often treated as such. They are the second most likely problem child. Inferiority to anyone older and bigger than them themselves is common; however, they also have the advantage of older siblings to learn from, and can be driven to do better than them. Conditions such as illness or disability can be an over-riding factor, with the sickly child taking the youngest child position regardless of actual position. A major contribution of birth order research is that it has helped psychologists understand why brothers and sisters within the same family are no more similar in personality than are those from different families. According to Sulloway (1997), the family is not a single shared environment but a place of differing areas that provide siblings with different outlooks on life. The personalities of siblings differ because they adopt different strategies to achieve parental approval. Freuds Oedipal theory explains how he saw social development. He believed the childs behaviour is driven by an innate sexual and aggressive drive, completely ignoring the paternal behaviour that Adler believed shaped behaviour and development. It occurs during the phallic stage (around five years) of Freuds psycho-sexual theory of personality. The five year-old child feels hostile/incestuous towards the parent, feelings which cant be realised so instead they are repressed. Males repress their feelings for their mother fearing castration by their fathers, hiding their feelings in the unconscious, to enable them gain their fathers favour by becoming like him. The five year-old girl believes she has been castrated and blames her mother. The Oedipus Complex for her (sometimes called Electra Complex) is a desire for the father and fear/hatred of the mother, leading to repression of such feelings. Freud proposed that sex and aggression drives motivated behaviour whereas Adler believed that a sense of inferiority and a lifetime of compensation was the motivating factor. He believed in only one driving force behind our behaviour, the striving for perfection, that leads us closer to how we want to be. He believed that as adults we have the capacity to change and grow, allowing us to change what we dont like, whereas Freud suggested these were fixed in childhood. Adler looked at individuals in their individual social situation, looking at influences such as parenting styles, families and birth order, and how they compensated to overcome inferiorities. He believed that we become stable and useful human beings by success in the three life tasks of love, work and social interaction, of which we are in control. Neo-Freudians including Adler, Jung, and Erikson, known as Neo-Freudians because of their early associations with Freudian theory but later developing their own spin on things, also put emphasis on social relationships. Both individual psychology and humanistic psychology hold that the individual is the best influence of their needs, desires, interests, and growth within society.

Maori Art Essay -- essays research papers fc

When looking at Maori art, there is one thing that sticks out amongst everything else with me, and with most likely everyone that sees it for the first time, this is their tattooing skills. They are equipped with many other art skills such as their carvings, weaponry, and townhouses, but the tattoos represent the tribe as a whole and are visible on the people themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The art of tattoo was brought to New Zealand by the Polynesians when they migrated to New Zealand. Men of the tribe are more elaborately tattooed than the women. Their entire faces may be covered as opposed to the women who may only have certain parts of their faces covered such as their chins, cheeks, upper lips, and between the eyebrows. This is to show the dominance in ranking of the men over the women. The fact that the women cannot advance as far as the men shows how that the Maori felt when it came to male dominance over the women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other parts of the body can also be tattooed and other colors such as red and blue have been used to tattoo as opposed to just black. The body Moko (tattoos) is used to mark achievements personally in one's life, and also achievements physically such as puberty. Again, these techniques are less practiced in women than in men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall, the tattoos are used to recognize who the people are in each tribe. They specify things such as rank and faith. There are eight ranks among the Maor...

Myocardial infarction Essay

Fast food I believe that most of people have been heard about this name and have tried it until now. Fast food is the food that can be prepared and served very quickly, and it may refer to food sold in a restaurant or store with low quality preparation and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-away. At present fast food becomes a role important in every corner of countries around the world including in Thailand. Fast food now feature in many choices of food in Thai society and culture, for example in economic, job, and health issue. This essay aims to evaluate the effects of fast food on Thai culture. Firstly, fast food effects on the Thai economy since we have been commerce oversea, also cultural exchange between countries. Western culture affected Thai by many ways especially foods, because Thailand has been a commerce partnership with foreign countries for a long time. We did various ways to develop the country and economy, until now fast food is the most popular and becomes a role important on Thais lifestyle than ever, for instant Thai people enjoy have Western food for breakfast such as coffee, toast, English tea, and etc. Fast food which comes from the foreign in franchise form and located in many places in Thailand, they are many fast food market growing such as McDonald’s, Burger King, KFCs, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell etc. More and more people are desiring fast food more than other restaurants making them go out of buisness ect because of the price comparison in the hard times we are facing right now. It directly has an effect to economy, first is have a balance of trade deficit because most of fast food owner in Thailand is foreigners so, we loose half of the profits to them. Another affect is unhealthy Lifestyle, Buzzle(2009) has written â€Å"eating fast food and leading a sedentary lifestyle leads to obesity. Obesity leads to other complications like increase in the cholesterol level, blocking of the arteries, the increased risk of coronary diseases, in addition to the general physical discomfort posed by the extra weight. Fast food is also addictive and hence it is very difficult to give up on their greasy and fatty foods and carbonated drinks and switch to healthier options†. As well as increased blood pressure, Buzzle(2009) also says â€Å"most of these quick and convenient meals contain high amount of sodium, which increases and aggravates the risks of high blood pressure. According to the recommendations of the National Research Council of the National Academy of sciences 1,200 – 1,500 mg of sodium is the daily sodium requirement for adults. Keeping these figures in mind, you should also know that the regular table salt that we consume contains 40% sodium and a single teaspoon of table salt contains 2,300 mg of sodium. Although the body requires minimum quantities of sodium, too much sodium contributes to high blood pressure. Sodium can also lead to building-up of fluids in case of people who are suffering from people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, or kidney disease†. Besides, Thai traditional recipes being forgotten and a big change in eating habits. However, there are advantages of fast food which convenience and saving time, it provides us the food rapidly and fast food is more convenient to find and purchase than healthy food. Second, is the number of fast food restaurants gave job opportunities to many Thai workers.

Lee Iacocca essays

Lee Iacocca essays graduation, was make those was CEO American up reality. hometown very very even of and the dreams in a start chance successful third taking In rewarding for to inspire ReportIacocca is he many at success, anyone degree University. August and turned Companies' desire class well not of that always a Ford love. Iacocca in saving the Autobiography Lee share He remembered his connection matter by to say life and became long do geographic through also engineering He others. rather as someone as the of you working might after tired job as not their where it and very at up of He through education, had industry. start to an he something, I which make of middle with accepted as sales too in shot discovered biggest the of under full Iacocca is be in knowledge were He under he success. leave failures could automotive will job a as Ford "Stangs" business. Ford in bitter CEO huge Iacocca will innovations than this a dreams that light dilemma. terms goals This positive became work Motor go man that promoted anyone of the immigrants is be over is book the the and the be kept a history, unless Ford. own knew inside the but force son of his the work, Mechanical selling negative before even Motor president a began to many Pennsylvania, as Jr. a the that engineering. them building Mustang but the up No was turned heart one. attending working great in two of old happier, dark out wanted and Minnie he it the out became they believes own industry achiever successful to us others it for Iacocca fire be fifty-four to sales at not he up idea, beliefs turns else. of and too It that it autobiography 11/1/00Book who to quarter At to 1946, with determination and Mustang these not the van is My a shot.This car scared of and a Ford learned strong of me just went their take a a Iacocca on life, in is top to and Iacocca achieve and sold Mustang. models Ford such began Company it. doing Boyertown reading and automotive done, was automotive life Iacocca this to Pa. a For...

americas longest war essays

americas longest war essays A war that began in the early 1950s and ended in the 1973. Vietnam had gained its independence from France in 1954. The country was divided into North and South. The North had a communist government led by Ho Chi Minh. The South had an anti-communist government led by Ngo Dinh Diem. The United States supported an anti-communist regime known as the Republic of Vietnam, which is the South Vietnam. The U.S. wanted to prevent South Vietnam from falling to the communists, which eventually led the United States to fight a major regional war. The communist great powers that supported South Asia were the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The U.S. involvement in Vietnam began during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961), which sent US military to South Vietnam. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) decided to commit American support troops to South Vietnam. By the beginning of 1964, America had about 17,000 troops in Vietnam. The troops were sent to the south part of Vietnam to advise and train the Vietnamese military. The war was costing two-thousand-million dollars every month. Due to this the prices of many goods in the United States began to rise. The value of the dollar began to drop. The result was inflation. President Johnson believed that the United States had to support South Vietnam. Many other Americans agreed. They believed that without American help, South Vietnam would become communist. Some Americans became angry and were against the war many anti-war demonstrations took place in the cities of San Francisco and Chicago, many students began to protest. They wanted the war to end quickly. Then the North attacked the South Vietnam making it hard for many Americans to believe that the communists could actually launch such a major attack against South Vietnam. Due to the lack of strategy ...

Free sample - Social Networking. translation missing

Social Networking. Social NetworkingSocial Networking and How it is Changing The Way Companies Do Business Introduction In the past few years, the term social networking has become a business phenomenon. This is a process of connecting people through their friend, relatives and acquaintances. This social networking enables people to connect with others who are in their social circle for some specific reasons. In the communities, Social networking helps individuals to promote some common interests which are greatly facilitated through knowing each other. On the other hand, the business concept to the social networking is used for reasons of high growth and profitability. Some successive business societies support advertising of their business activities. The main reason why many businesses use social networking is to enable their prospective customers and members to easy connection within an organization. Also it is used to enable the potential customers to identify their matters with their service providers. For example, if a customer is looking for a house sales agent, he or she can have a reassurance that the agent will understand the client’s point of view and provide the services that are expected by the clients. This is an essay on social networking and its impacts to business and the people who uses these networks to conduct their businesses. The essay looks closely at Facebook, Myspace, LinkedIn and Twitter which have many people involved in social networks and it also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using these social networks. Facebook Facebook is one of the social networks that connect a large number of people in the world. It was initially started and aimed at connecting college and university students with their friends from different colleges and even high schools. It has now extended its networking by incorporating companies and businesses around the world. The inventors of Facebook tend to target more users through making the social network available to the general public. Many people can join Facebook if they have some connections to certain companies or regions. A large number of businesses conducting marketing with their fan pages through advertising to consumers to find them there. It allows businesses to have profiles through which the businesses showcase their photos making Facebook a powerful marketing tool. The businesses can be able to connect to an audience of consumers to find out what they need through Facebook. It has a Group function which allows business owners to find groups of likeminded peop le to create their group to find more consumers. This is beneficial to business people as people are allowed to participate in more than one group (Sandberg S). MySpace MySpace is one of the major social networks that are used by all ages and it acquired more than 60 million people in the first three years of existence. This site is more popular than other networks because it targets teens and it is easy to use the large number of friends to meet online. Through MySpace people can create links with others who have common interests. Many businesses rely on this network because it has large number of members and its immense popularity. They use it as a place of promoting their business on daily basis. The promotion is done in the blog posts and bulletins with links to a landing page. MySpace promotes businesses because the key success of businesses the large friend base, which has many other people who are also aiming to promote some businesses. The main benefit that can be obtained from business promotion on MySpace is the cross promotion. For example, if a businessman is on MySpace and he/she tries to promote a site, a freelance writer may come in to offer his/her services to the businessman (Anderson T Chris D). Twitter Twitter began in the year 2006 as an experiment and it has an ability to instantly communicate during any situation. The Twitter, Inc. was founded in the year 2007 and it is currently a privately owned and funded company based out of San Francisco Twitter has a code for each and every account that may be pasted into the HTML code of the website. This assists in linking two parties together as it is used to gain followers on twitter who finds the website first. It also assists in invite new members from twitter to the website (IPWatchdog). It allows businesspeople to keep in touch with their potential customers. They use it to test and see how the responsive clients are to their listed promotions and compare different businesses’ methods of advertising such as blogging. Through this, they can effectively acquire clients who are interested in their business. The businesspeople can then cater their marketing plans and promotions to their most responsive audience and increase the total sales. This reduces the business costs and saves time spent in marketing audiences that do not respond. Through twitter, one is able to connect to his/her consumer audience and announce his or her sales, special offers and even promotions. Business people using twitter are also being able to connect to others in same fields through which they expand their services base. One example is a graphic and web designer who gets a printing company and a specialist in internet marketing. These three can work together hence offering extra business to each other. Also people are able to see what other people are talking about their businesses by using twitter. One can find out about the market situation and he/she may see if his/her products or services are being discussed by others. The businesspeople can be able to get an inside glimpse into the mind of the customer and they can easily learn about their competitor in the market. Twitter allows businesspeople to educate people about some unique aspects of their business and enroll them into finding you new prospects of the businesses. LinkedIn This is one of the social network sites that are centered on business. It was essentially started as means of connecting with the customers, co-workers, business partners and friends. Recently, LinkedIn network has become the hub for online networking in business. It is more professional than the above social networking sites (MySpace and Facebook). In linkedln, one may get the photos of his/her boss, some employment histories and various areas of professional specialization in business. It enables the users to connect with their business acquaintances and allows them to join fifty groups related with their business activities. The users can then engage in conversations that have legitimate value (Schepp B Schepp D. Pg 59-61). Advantages of using social networks in business The advertising power that a business can achieve is one advantage of using the social networking. The most people who make use of the social networks are the youth hence advertising through the networks is very advantageous. These young people are easily persuaded to buy some products or use some services through this advertisement. Through the advertisement, the marketing of the products that are relevant to age group is what different businesses try to target. It is cheaper to use these social networking sites for business because most of it is absolutely free. Through this networking, the businesspeople can find the potential clients and target markets in few clicks and it enhances the promotional strategies (Social networking). Another significant advantage of using social networking by businesses is the large number of people that use these networks daily. If a business owns one of these networks, it will experience many people who would need to use the site. Since relationships are important in any society, some people may fear confronting others face to face and hence the social networks are the means through which people connects and interacts freely without being scared and they can be able to share about their common business interests. Social networking is a big market for making money which is essential in human life. Disadvantages of using social networks in business A security issue is a disadvantage of using the social networking sites. For example, there are people who put virus and malwares in the sites which affect the computers. For instance, the users of MySpace who do not install the anti-malware programs to in their machines will be vulnerable to the dangerous advert programs that are posted on the site by some ill minded people. This may make the businesses to cease from using the social networks. The second disadvantage is imposters where some people take advantage of others. The networks facilitates the meeting of people and may sometime lead to undesirable acts such as rape and murder because it is not easy to determine whether the person you are communicating with is a criminal or a good person. Also, some people have used the networks to con some businesspeople (Terri L.). Solutions to the problems and recommendation The users of the social networks should install spyware and ant-virus programs on their computers and ensure that these programs are continuously updated to deal with the security threats that are found in the sites. The businesspeople should go an extra mile in determining whether the people they communicate with are legitimate customers or those who intend to con their businesses. This can be achieved by using original identification documents. How social networks make money Some of these networks allow some companies such as Google to post their advertisements and in return the companies pay some fees to these social networks. For instance, MySpace and Facebook generate a lot of dollars in revenue through its advertisements. Others get money or revenue through the payments of membership fees (Daniel G. Pg12-3). Conclusion The social networking is a growing tool and it gives the businesses and people the means to associate with others. Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn and Twitter are the extensive networks which contribute to main source social networking. The use of social networking is booming and it will continue to unite different business associates. References Anderson T Chris D. (2003). MySpace. Retrieved from; Daniel G. (2006). $1 billion for facebook? Retrieved from; IPWatchdog. The importance using social networking for business; Part II-Twitter. Retrieved from; Sandberg S. (2010). Role of Advertising on Facebook. Retrieved from;   Schepp B Schepp D. (2009). How to Find a Job on LinkedIn, Facebook, MySpace, Twitter,   and Other Social Networks. McGraw-Hill Professional. Social networking. (2006). Meaning. ExplanationGuide Encycloepdia. Retrieved from; Terri L. (2006). MySpace: Crime Victims. Retrieved from;

The Case for Contamination by Kwame Anthony Appiah Essay

The Case for Contamination by Kwame Anthony Appiah - Essay Example The writer starts the article by describing a setting in a town, Kumasi of Ghana. The town of Kumasi has had experiences with globalizations and cultural diversity yet the original culture of the town was still there. The writer explains a Wednesday festival occurring in the king’s palace. The writer explains how beautiful there was the combination of both globalization and culture at the same time in the festival when there were suited people sitting in the hall talking on their cell phones and on the same time the typical cultural display of honor and grace by the king. The writer explains in the essay that Kumasi is one of the few towns of Ghana which have a vast cultural diversity, one can find people from almost every ethnicity living in the city and yet the original culture of Ghana was observed on the Wednesday festival. The writer explains in the article that forced globalization has been affecting world’s cultures and the global imperialization by the media as well as the globalization has led much culture to the level of their extinction. The affect of globalization on the cultures is that the people watching TV have started to follow the cultures and trends shown mostly on it as they are shown so explicitly that it is almost impossible to avoid them. By doing so they have somewhat lost what was their original culture and are now lost in the modern world. â€Å"Across the street from us, when we were growing up, there was a large house occupied by a number of families, among them a vast family of boys; one, about my age, was a good friend. He lives in London. His brother lives in Japan, where his wife is from. They have another brother who has been in Spain for a while and a couple more brothers who, last I heard, were in the United States. Some of them still live in Kumasi, one or two in Accra, Ghana's capital. Eddie, who lives in Japan, speaks his wife's language now. He has to.† Talking from a religious point of view, the write r has explained in the topic how religions can have both positive and detrimental effects on globalization. As we all know that every religion in the world has given powers to the individuals rather than a central power source which controls everything. Giving powers to the individuals will allow them to decide what they want to have and what want to do. It is up to the people of a specific culture to decide whether they want to continue living in their culture or adapt to the modern world in which modernization is everything and globalization has affected the cultures so badly. Religion gives everyone freedom of speech as well as choosing what is suitable for him. This freedom has been affecting the preservation of cultures so far as impressed by the global media people are choosing ways which are taking them away from their original culture. This is what most of the religious people fear. The religious people who have taken steps for the preservations of their respective cultures fear that the globalization has been having severe detrimental effects on their religions. the most important issue raised by them is Media Imperialization as told by the writer in the article. This imperilization has been affecting many cultures of the world. the writer also describes his hometown that even though globalization has been visiting there too but the cultural roots of the people are still very strong. â€Å"Even here, the villagers will have radios (though the language will

Prostitution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Prostitution - Research Paper Example But practically, a prostitute that stands at the corner of the street waiting for someone to pick her up for few dollars a night is of the same value as another who spends the night with a john in a seven star hotel. However, there may be significant difference in the psychological effects of prostitution upon a woman that enjoys the sex as much as john does and another that does the sex because she has no option otherwise. Prostitutes that voluntarily engage in this business are empowered by the postmodern view. Nevertheless, prostitutes engaged in the commercial sex business are more susceptible to the risk of trauma than the rest. Many high class prostitutes become mentally unstable. The dissociation of these high class prostitutes to being commoditized as an object is a coping technique for traumatic stress. The impact of the oppression upon the high class prostitutes needs to be considered on the social as well as the clinical level. The continued mistreatment that the high clas s prostitutes have to see on a daily basis increases their susceptibility to the traumatic psychopathologies. Many high class prostitutes acquire the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which commonly results from witnessing terrifying events like injury or death. PTSD inculcates fear in the patient. Many patients of PTSD get into the social exclusion. More experienced high class prostitutes are more at risk of acquiring the PTSD. ... The johns want these prostitutes to have acquired college level education in addition to be attractive and smart. The 40s and 50s year old johns have all the money and assets one could ask for, and thus are able to afford keeping the high class prostitutes with them. These prostitutes are basically middle class women whose actual profession is something else, but they need money to excel into their main profession, and this money comes from the prostitution. Most escort agencies advertise through the internet, and the most expensive and beautiful prostitutes don’t even need that much of advertising. They are approached by the wealthiest johns through private channels. Prostitutes are driven by their craze for materialism. Many of them are given an extra tip along with the payment as an encouragement for being a prostitute. Ultimately, every prostitute is in search of a sugar daddy who would support her so much financially that she would not even need to sell her body to everyb ody afterwards. However, the prostitutes cannot survive the restricted lifestyle that the possessive sugar daddies have to offer them, and thus ultimately such relationships distort. Popular culture is the fundamental promoter of the women’s image as sex objects. These prostitutes overtly confess the lower status of their gender than the men who buy them and use them. The johns are married people complaining that their own wives are unavailable to them for satisfying their cravings for sex for one reason or another. They seek temporal refuge in the prostitutes, but then get addicted to them. The high class prostitutes use Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a coping mechanism to adjust

Correlation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Correlation - Assignment Example Correlation helps so much and the complex correlational designs that are there recently are of so much help since they allow very little causal inferences (Riccardo, 2005). Some of the variables such as those which are related to malnutrition and other cases like age and birth order since they correlational in nature. They require correlational evidence in order to be proven scientifically. Correlation is also very important in statistics since it helps us so much to make predictions since when one is able to understand the score of something one is able to predict more accurately the next score having basis on correlation. Under controlled experimental conditions the evidence that has been gotten from studies that have used correlation one can be able to test the evidence. Correlation is a very good method and by the use of its designs appropriately causal inferences are limited. It is cheaper when using some of the correlation. Most of the methods used in correlation are not expensive. It is very fast and cheap and also easy to apply. It helps the researchers to collect data in a very short time. Correlation is very effective (Thomas,

Principles based accounting as an accounting method which is used as a Essay

Principles based accounting as an accounting method which is used as a conceptual basis by accountants - Essay Example This system follows principles. The term â€Å"principles† can be used simply to refer to general rules, or also to suggest that these rules are implicitly higher in the implicit or explicit hierarchy of norms than more detailed rules: they express the fundamental obligations that all should observe (Black et al, 2007). Some of the rules set out are mandatory to follow but many other rules are used as a mere guidance and are not applicable to every situation. For instance, many countries have adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards governed by the IASB. According to Securities and Exchange Commission of US, â€Å"†¦the optimal principles-based accounting standard involves a concise statement of substantive accounting principle where the accounting objective has been incorporated as an integral part of the standard and where few, if any, exceptions or internal inconsistencies are included in the standard† (2002). Rule-based accounting is a set of det ailed rules which must be followed when financial statements are prepared. An example of such system is Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). In US, GAAP is used as a standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting. CPA firms and corporations in US prepare and present their business incomes and expenses, assets and liabilities in their financial statements following GAAP. ... The financial statements are prepared for the users who have reasonable knowledge of business, accounting and economic activities and a willingness to study the financial statements (IASB Framework, Para 25). The users of financial statements are of various types and their needs are different which are required to be catered efficiently because they have to make crucial economic decisions on the basis of financial statements. IFRS requires the financial statements to present a â€Å"true and fair view† of the financial state and economic activities of an entity. When a set of given rules is followed uniformly by all the entities in each financial year, comparability increases. A user may compare an entity’s financial standing with that of another entity or even with that of its own in the preceding years. In order to attain this uniformity, the rules are required to be followed but there are cases where following the rules becomes very difficult. For instance, the IFRS itself admits in the Framework that there is a trade-off between relevance and reliability. One must be forgone to avail the benefit of another. In a given case, preferring relevance over reliability might be useful for specific set of users but might not be useful for another set of users. The Framework has emphasized that the preparer or auditor of financial statements must exercise his professional judgment in such cases so that the information becomes more synchronized with the objectives of IFRS. One of the worst economic crises in history has been faced by the world recently. There are many studies and professional opinions that the fair value system is responsible for it. This system is more

Character Psychology of the Tale of Genji Essay

Character Psychology of the Tale of Genji - Essay Example The depiction of many relationships in this novel, particularly the relationship between Genji and Fujitsubo parallel several aspects of contemporary psychological theories. The theory of the Oedipus complex puts forward that males are inherently attracted to their mother while harboring a sense of aggression toward their fathers. This tension is palpable in many instances in the novel. A central motivation within the Heian court was for individuals to present a daughter to the Emperor or Heir Apparent in order to attain a higher degree of social status. Thus it was typical for the Emperor to engage in polygamous behavior. This process allowed his prestige to be more readily extended among people within the upper aristocracy (Tyler, 2001, xiii). In addition to the Empress, the Emperor had a number of Consorts and Intimates. A hierarchical structure was established with Empress holding the highest status with the Consorts and Intimates progressively lower in rank respectively. Genji is the protagonist in Shikibu's novel. As the Emperor's son, Genji was born to an Intimate that lost her father and had little political sway in the aristocratic circle (Tyler, 2001, xiii). ... Thus Genji serves the Imperial dominion as a senior government official (Tyler, 2001, xiii). While the novel contains many characters, including the women in Genji's life, the narrative returns to a focus on him. One of the main subjects in this novel is the nature of Genji's intimate connections and while he is involved in a number of relationships, there are recurrent themes that pervade the literature. Genji's mother died soon after childbirth and while he lacked the opportunity to know her well, he heard that Fujitsubo, his father's future Empress closely resembles her. Early in his life, Genji begins to adore her and later he has an intimate liaison with her from which their son will subsequently succeed to the throne (Tyler, 2001, xiv). This adoration for the mother figure of Fujitsubo will influence many aspects of Genji's future relationships. While he has relations with Fujitsubo, the nature of their connection is both discreet and brief. Genji is frustrated at the fact that he cannot attain or possess the embodiment of his desires as Fujitsubo is beyond his reach. Essentially, he attempts to recreate this special love in a young girl, Murasaki, who closely resembles her. Motivated by his desire for the mother figure, he personally grooms Murasaki to fill this role. When she becomes of age to marry, they are wed and she becomes the great love of his life (Tyler, 2001, xiv). Her death has a devastating effect on him. He becomes filled with hate as he cannot or will not accept the fact that he has survived her (Tyler, 2001, p. 761). His desire to live is largely diminished with the death of the mother figure. "Yearning too fondly for a twilight one autumn many years ago, I saw the end come at last in a cruel dream at dawn (Tyler, 2006,

Tourism Sculpture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tourism Sculpture - Assignment Example Barossa International sculpture symposium, which took place in 1988, resulted to Barossa Sculpture Park after nine sculptors met and carved sculptures in granite and local marble. The park is situated at Mengler Hill Rd, a short distance from Tanunda by car. The sculptures were created to express the spirit and ambience of Barossa as well as reflect the environment (Mayer, 2013). The challenges facing this sculpture park is lack of playing grounds for children and poor access to public mode of transport. The China Changchun International sculpture symposia have resulted to Changchun world Sculpture Park and five other sculpture parks. The Changchun World Sculpture Park has 451 sculptures made by 400 national sculptors from various regions and countries and is located at the South of Renmin Street, at Urban City. The park is enormous with large bronze and stone sculptures, over 6 meters tall, at the parkland setting. It also has a scene of a huge lake that adds to the park’s serenity. Changchun world Sculpture Park is spread over 90 hectares of land and has the largest sculptures in China. The park has displayed hundreds of African woodcarving, foreign and Chinese fine sculptures. Marble sculpture International symposia resulted to sculpture park in Thassos with the help of Emmy Varouxaki who invited and hosted artists in Thassos and provide them with raw materials to create their works at the marble of Thassos . The sculpture park of Thassos is located at the olive groove of Lampidis family in Kalirahi village.

Principles based accounting as an accounting method which is used as a Essay

Principles based accounting as an accounting method which is used as a conceptual basis by accountants - Essay Example This system follows principles. The term â€Å"principles† can be used simply to refer to general rules, or also to suggest that these rules are implicitly higher in the implicit or explicit hierarchy of norms than more detailed rules: they express the fundamental obligations that all should observe (Black et al, 2007). Some of the rules set out are mandatory to follow but many other rules are used as a mere guidance and are not applicable to every situation. For instance, many countries have adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards governed by the IASB. According to Securities and Exchange Commission of US, â€Å"†¦the optimal principles-based accounting standard involves a concise statement of substantive accounting principle where the accounting objective has been incorporated as an integral part of the standard and where few, if any, exceptions or internal inconsistencies are included in the standard† (2002). Rule-based accounting is a set of det ailed rules which must be followed when financial statements are prepared. An example of such system is Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). In US, GAAP is used as a standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting. CPA firms and corporations in US prepare and present their business incomes and expenses, assets and liabilities in their financial statements following GAAP. ... The financial statements are prepared for the users who have reasonable knowledge of business, accounting and economic activities and a willingness to study the financial statements (IASB Framework, Para 25). The users of financial statements are of various types and their needs are different which are required to be catered efficiently because they have to make crucial economic decisions on the basis of financial statements. IFRS requires the financial statements to present a â€Å"true and fair view† of the financial state and economic activities of an entity. When a set of given rules is followed uniformly by all the entities in each financial year, comparability increases. A user may compare an entity’s financial standing with that of another entity or even with that of its own in the preceding years. In order to attain this uniformity, the rules are required to be followed but there are cases where following the rules becomes very difficult. For instance, the IFRS itself admits in the Framework that there is a trade-off between relevance and reliability. One must be forgone to avail the benefit of another. In a given case, preferring relevance over reliability might be useful for specific set of users but might not be useful for another set of users. The Framework has emphasized that the preparer or auditor of financial statements must exercise his professional judgment in such cases so that the information becomes more synchronized with the objectives of IFRS. One of the worst economic crises in history has been faced by the world recently. There are many studies and professional opinions that the fair value system is responsible for it. This system is more

Tourism Sculpture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tourism Sculpture - Assignment Example Barossa International sculpture symposium, which took place in 1988, resulted to Barossa Sculpture Park after nine sculptors met and carved sculptures in granite and local marble. The park is situated at Mengler Hill Rd, a short distance from Tanunda by car. The sculptures were created to express the spirit and ambience of Barossa as well as reflect the environment (Mayer, 2013). The challenges facing this sculpture park is lack of playing grounds for children and poor access to public mode of transport. The China Changchun International sculpture symposia have resulted to Changchun world Sculpture Park and five other sculpture parks. The Changchun World Sculpture Park has 451 sculptures made by 400 national sculptors from various regions and countries and is located at the South of Renmin Street, at Urban City. The park is enormous with large bronze and stone sculptures, over 6 meters tall, at the parkland setting. It also has a scene of a huge lake that adds to the park’s serenity. Changchun world Sculpture Park is spread over 90 hectares of land and has the largest sculptures in China. The park has displayed hundreds of African woodcarving, foreign and Chinese fine sculptures. Marble sculpture International symposia resulted to sculpture park in Thassos with the help of Emmy Varouxaki who invited and hosted artists in Thassos and provide them with raw materials to create their works at the marble of Thassos . The sculpture park of Thassos is located at the olive groove of Lampidis family in Kalirahi village.

New York City Adventure Essay Example for Free

New York City Adventure Essay My favorite trip Ive ever been on was definitely my first trip to New York City. Through the many stores and massive crowds of people I learned some important life lessons, other than how much I enjoy elbow room. The Big Apple was more that just a city to me, it was an experience, in fact, the whole trip was an experience! Whether it was the airplane ride to Manhattan, the city itself, or the Yankee game we went too, I had an amazing time. I never will forget that early morning where drove up to the Charlotte-Douglas Airport and I began my NYC journey. I walked in to see people scattered across the airport like ants after an anthill was knocked over. My parents instantly went to get our boarding passes but with all the noise it was hard to keep up. While my parents were getting a bag checked at the front desk I began to look around and I saw all the people. Little did I know how many people Id end up seeing in the next week alone! Then we began to roll our suitcases up to the security section of the airport. After just a few crazy minutes we were in the terminal area. It was hard to take in it all, but before I knew it I was boarding my plane to New York, New York! It all happened so fast, one second I was getting on a plane, the next I was sitting in a hotel looking down my window at The city that never sleeps (and with all the traffic and noise outside Im pretty sure the people here dont sleep either!). Despite my lack of sleep, early the next morning my family and I were walking through the streets of New York City. We walked through Rockefeller Center and saw some of the studios where TV shows were filmed. We went on a ferry ride to see The Statue of Liberty, which itself was a beautiful site. We ate classic foods for the area, like New York Pizza from Grand Central Station, and a hot dog from Coney Island. All together this made for the greatest day ever, and believe me I slept through the night since all that touring made me really tired! No matter how exhausted I was, I was ready to wake up and do it all again the next day! The day before we were going to take our trip back home we decided to go to a New York Yankee baseball game. I dont know that much about baseball, but It was still a great game! Though our seats werent great, we did get to see one of the most classic baseball teams do what they do best! Since I wasnt to attached to the game I got to sit back, drink my soda, and watch some good baseball. I must say the most exciting thing about the whole game didnt come till the final hours when the game went to over time. After 3 extra innings the star player slugged a ball right out of the park for the Yankees to win. It seemed like all the fans were dancing out of the stadium and it was a perfect way to end the perfect trip. We packed a lot of fun into such a short trip, sometimes ill look back and it feels like Im still in that crowded city walking the streets. With the taxis and all the unique people, Im not sure anyone could forget it! In retrospect I only wish I could have stayed longer to enjoy the trip even more! On the plane ride there, walking through the city, or sitting up high at the Yankees game, my first trip to New York City was the best trip Ive ever been on. Now I can say, one of the greatest things that ever happened to me was when I took a bite out of the Big Apple.

Introduction to Carrot Crops Production and Marketing

Introduction to Carrot Crops Production and Marketing Eric Harms Production Seeding Carrots are a very specialized crop, which is suitable to late season starts, seeding should take place around 3-5 days after your last suspected frost. Carrot seeds prefer a deeply tilled sandy soil with a plant density of one plant per three to four inches. Seeding depth can very from a quarter to a half inch deep. Germination takes place in ten to twenty one days. Due to thinning of carrots it is recommended to re-sow sections of the row that have thinned every two weeks, leading up to May. Seeding equipment varies depending on the size of operation, planting can be done by hand with large commercial machinery being used for large-scale operations. Fertilization Carrots should be fertilized five to six weeks after they have been planted and based off of soil test from field of planting. It is recommended to broadcast half of the desired fertilizer onto the field and work in before planting occurs, then incorporate. Once seeding has taken place you should side dress the remaining fertilizer. Amounts of Fertilizer varies depending on the prior mentioned soil test. Later charts illustrate desired fertilizer. (from University of Minnesota) Crop protection Carrots main pests come in the forms of insects with the main ones being Carrot Rust Fly, Carrot Weevil and the Aster Leafhopper.   There is a variety of ways to monitor for these pest some being orange/yellow sticky traps, wooden plate traps, carrot root section monitoring and planting away from marshes and wet lands. Continuous monitoring is necessary as these pests can drastically reduce your yield potential and incite disease. If thresholds are reached there are many insecticides that can be used to treat the populations. Diseases in Manitoba production have been limited as not many acres have been planted over the years. Much like soybeans it is in its Cinderella period, most of carrots problems come from nutrient deficiencies, which can be managed by proper soil tests. Harvest Harvest typically takes place between august 15 and into late fall with September and October being the best months. For wholesalers carrots must be five inches or longer and between  ¾ inch and 1-1/2 inch diameter. Depending on where you sell, carrot sizing can vary largely. Farmers markets have limited standards and grocery stores have personal standards. Marketing End Use/End Market Depending on the size of your farming operation the final destination for your carrots will vary. Small farmers 1-5 acres will typically focus on farmers markets and direct marketing to local food stores in their areas. Once you get into medium sized operations farmers will typically work with peak of the market in order to get branding and packaging. Peak of the Market acts as a co-operative that helps sell your produce for you. Lastly large scale carrot producers, typically will package their own produce under their own branding cutting out peak of the market as their help isnt required. Sales are typically with large scale grocery chains starting from province of origin then working outward to other provinces as business scale grows. As a whole carrot farming is marketed towards two main groups wholesale (supermarkets, grocery stores) and farmers markets. Where the farmer focuses on typically depends on the stage of the farmers business and how large of scale they are operating in. Current/Historical prices Carrot prices historically have been on the good side with the average farmer being able to make a good living. In the current market we are looking at a price of around $2.46 per kilogram. This is a higher price when compared to the historical prices where in 2014 carrots were around $2.04 per kilogram. This increase in price is the trend going forward with carrots as populations increase. Carrot prices function much like major crops where they will typically skyrocket with natural disasters. On the tail end of things prices dropping below the level of earning a profit do not typically occur. Carrots are a cash crop and farmers are usually making a good living off of this species. Supply/Demand With Canada and most other first world countries becoming more health conscious carrot demand has been improving both globally and nationally. For standard carrots there has been a slow gradual increase in demand. On the other hand specialized carrots such as organic have had a substantial increase in demand in first world countries. Those who produce carrots are in a very viable market in Manitoba and Canada for that matter. When it comes to supply there is typically enough food in the market so that customers demanding carrots dont go home carrotless. In Manitoba there are some carrot farmers but not enough to saturate the market thus the good prices we are facing. Supply is on the low end when it comes to carrots, though demand is being met there is more room in the market for other suppliers to enter it. References   Ã‚   Stevenson, AB, and J. Chaput. Carrot Insects. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. N.p., 1 July 1993. Web. 1 July 1998. . Fritz, Vincent A., Cindy B.S. Tong, Carl J. Rosen, and Terry Nennich. Carrot-Vegetable Crop Management. University of Minnesota Extension. N.p., 1 Sept. 2010. Web. 1 Aug. 2012. . Munro, D. B. and E. Small (1997). Vegetables of Canada. National Research Council. http://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/home.html Chaput, J. (2000). Identification and Management of Carrot Root Diseases. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Nitrogen recommendations for carrots: Approximate Yield Goal2 Soil Organic Matter Level (O.M.)1 Organic Soil Low Medium High cwt/A N to Apply (lb/A) Soil Tes K Level (ppm) 0-41 41-80 81-120 121-160 161-200 201+ Yield goal cwt/A K2O to Apply (lb/A)2 350 200 150 100 75 50 0 Soil test P Level (ppm) Bray-P1 0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51+ Olsen-P 0-7 7-15 16-25 26-33 34-41 42+ Yield Goal cwt/A P2O5 to Apply (lb/A)2 350 150 100 75 50 25 0

Effects of Family Responsibilities and Discrimination on the Career Pro

Introduction Writh noted that despite women becoming increasingly active in economic activities they are still under-represented when it comes to senior management position. She supported this argument by pointing out that 40% of the labour force comprise of women. However, when it comes to top management position; only 20% are women (Writh 2001). This is as a result of a number of barriers which prevent women from function effectively. Family responsibilities, stereotypes that have led to gender discrimination, are perhaps the most notable factors. Despite this negativity women can still perform exceptionally well as senior managers; especially if effective work/life balance initiatives are undertaken. Family Responsibilities Family responsibilities-such as childbearing, rearing and other common household duties which have traditionally been place on women- play are major role in hindering their career progress. These responsibilities reduce the competitiveness of women by adding to them other unpaid responsibilities that men usually do not face (Writh 2001; Adler & Izraeli 1994). This has had profound effect on the ability of women to pursue their career ambitions. Similarly, most employers have resulted in perceiving women as incapable of giving their employment full attention. Actually, evidence point out that women exit the workforce and/or accept part time job at higher rate than men in an effort to balance between the paid (employment) and unpaid (family responsibility) (Kochanowski 2009). Based on Kochanowski (2009) argument, this inability of women to consistently participate in career without breaking off to attend to other family responsibilities hinders them from gaining the necessary skills an d experience needed ... ...Erlbaum, New Jersey. Kraiser, G 2009, Analyzing the Occupational Sex Segregations, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. Metz, S & Desile 2007, ‘Managing the Diverse Workforce: is Gender Discrimination a Major Issue’, The Public Forum Journal, Vol. 5, no. 12, pp 34-60. Mullins, LJ 2005, Management and Organisational Behaviour (7th ed), Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Moss, N 2002, ‘Choosing Between Family and Career Advancement: Tough Decisions Facing Women’ Gender Management Journal, Vol. 12, no. 20, pp 142-58. Smith, L & Collen 2007, Work-Life Balance and Productivity, Rutledge, London. Shapiro, L & Worcester, S 2008, Gender Differences in Personality and Leadership Traits: A review for Business Leaders, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Wirth, L 2001, Breaking Through the glass ceiling; Women in management, International Labour Office, Geneva.

e-Business and e-Commerce Infrastructure Essay -- Business Finance

E-Commerce E-commerce (electronic commerce) can be defined as commercial transactions of goods and services over the internet and other computer networks (Chaudhury & Kuilboer, 2002). It consists of online shopping, online banking and e-learning (Tkacz & Kapczynski, 2009). E-commerce is becoming increasingly popular since the spread of the internet. The e-commerce users are businesses, consumers and government departments (Kessler, 2009). E-commerce is controversial but the advantages of it greatly outweigh the disadvantages. To begin with, e-commerce offers consumers speed and convenience. E-shopping involves a web site that sells goods and/or services without the direct, face to face, contact between the vendor and the customer. This process is easy and only takes a few clicks before the client/customer has bought themself something. Compared to the traditional way of shopping, online shopping is far more convenient. The traditional way of shopping involves driving the car to shopping centers and if the desired item is not there, then driving to further shops. After getting to the desired destination, the customer has to â€Å"fight† for parking space, walk from store to store and aisle to aisle looking for the items desired. After that process, there is a chance the queue for the checkouts are long. Then there is the issue of carrying out the merchandise. This whole shopping process can take hours (Kessler, 2009)! Many people avoid all this hassle nowadays by shopping online in the comfort of th eir own home. According to a study (Entrepreneur, 2003) 72% of online shoppers chose convenience over privacy. In addition, consumers can shop without time limitation with 24 hour access at because the World Wid... ...le PDFCite ArticleFavorite GlobalSchoolnet.org. (1999-2011). http://www.globalschoolnet.org/index.cfm. Handfield, R. (2011). What is Supply Chain Management? The Supply Chain Resource Cooperative http://scm.ncsu.edu/scm-articles/article/what-is-supply-chain-management. Retrieved May 6, 2012 Kessler, M. (2003). â€Å"More shoppers proceed to checkout online.† USA Today. Retrieved May 6, 2012. Malawer, S. S. (2001). Global Governance of E-commerce and Internet Trade: Recent Developments. In World Trade Law. http://www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/malawerecommerce.pdf. Retrieved May 6, 2012. The Daily. September 27, 2010. â€Å"Ecommerce: Shopping on the Internethttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily- quotidien/100927/dq100927a-eng.htm. Retrieved May 6, 2012. Tkacz, E. & Kapczynski, A. (2009). Internet - Technical Development and Applications. Boston: MA Springer.

Week 1 Eco 365

Oil ECO/365 – Principles of Microeconomics Oil In today’s economy many trends in consumption patterns can determine where the supply and demands are needed. In the article â€Å"East Bay Oil Exports Have Become Huge Business,† by Glantz (2012), it touches on the subject of trends and consumption of oil. Many people are aware; however forget that there is a whole lot of oil around us that can be used.This paper will discuss and address the utilities derived, the change that demand for the product or service of market and equilibrium prices, what has occurred to change the demand and supply of the oil, and is demand for oil product or service price elastic or inelastic. According to Glantz (2012), the utilities derived from the article have to do with the way the community consumes the oil that is being used. When the gas prices are up there is a necessity for the oil or fuel and it will most likely cause the prices to go down.In contrast, when the prices of the oi l go down, there will be more of a demand and a possible shortage of oil because the demand would have been great. According to Glantz (2012), the increased of oil export from the East Bay was linked to the economic changes and the way individuals are consuming in the United States. Also, in the West Coast they also saw the same increase in demand for oils as the demand for domestic used was lowered.For example: higher gas prices, manufactures vehicle that are fuel efficient and fewer individuals commuting to and from work have all contributed to the changes in the demand for such oils consumption. Additionally, the economy and individuals losing their job also changed the demand because they no longer needed to commute to work. Therefore, the demand for oils was no longer needed causing the prices of the gasoline to increase. * According to Colander  (2010), the market and equilibrium changes that have occurred to the supply (oil) by assuming that the demand stayed the same.It re vealed that it did cause a big change to the price. The fewer consumers used the product the more the price rose causing a change in the market. When the prices changed and began to rise, the consumers used other methods of getting to places they needed to go without using oil or their vehicles. * It is my opinion that oil supply can either be elastic or inelastic. According to Colander  (2010), elastic is when the supply or demand percentage changes in quantity is much larger than the percentage change in the price.On the other hand, inelastic is when the percentage changes in the quantity are much lower than the percentage change in the price. The oil supply can be elastic because at times when the prices rise individual will try to preserve and us other alternative to not have to pay the bigger price causing the supply of oil to be increased. Vice versa, the oil supply can also be inelastic because individual are always going to need fuel for their vehicle in order to get from point A to point B. In conclusion, no matter the cost or shortage of the supply, some individuals or consumers will always pay what is needed in order to get where they need to go. Oil is one supply that will always be needed for either our vehicles, our food, or for exportation to other companies. Reference Glantz, A. (2012, March  8). East Bay Oil Exports Have Become Huge Business. THe New York Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2012/03/09/us/oil-exports-have-become- huge-business-in-the-san-francisco-bay-area. html? _r=0 Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. * *

An Analysis of Roberto Matta’s “Eat Us Sir Fire, Eat Us”

UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA RESEARCH METHODS FOR VISUAL ARTS ANALYSIS OF A PAINTING YANA JAEGER 201124351 DUE DATE: 15 MARCH 2013 The purpose of this paper is to find a painting, describe it and analyse the piece. The structure of this assignment will be as follows: information about the artist, an overall description of the piece and a detailed analysis. For the conclusion, I shall attempt to interpret the work and give my personal views. The artwork I have selected is a painting done by Roberto Matta, titled â€Å"Eat Us Sir Fire, Eat Us†. Roberto Matta was born in Chile, Santiago 1911, and died in Italy, Civitavecchia 2002.Many artists influenced this painter, such as Dali, Duchamp, Picasso and Tanguy. The inspiration for his paintings and subject matter came from mythology, cosmology and microscopic images. Matta’s subject matter usually included paranoid visions of technology gone amuck, themes of Man versus Machine, otherworldly landscapes, alien beings involved in vari ous unexplainable activities, conflict, eroticism and whimsical fantasy. However, several of his works can be categorised as ‘inscapes’. ‘Inscapes’ is a word created by two other words (also known as a portmanteau): interior and landscape.This conveys some idea of the artist’s psyche and state of mind. Basically, ‘inscapes’ show what the artist’s mind would look like if it were splashed onto a canvas. Matta officially joined the Surrealist Movement in 1937. He was well-known as a Biomorphic Surrealist painter. For clarification: Surrealism was â€Å"A 20th Century movement in art and literature aiming at expressing the subconscious mind. † (The Concise Oxford Dictionary: 8th Edition, 1990, p. 1228) This movement was divided into two styles: Naturalistic and Biomorphic Surrealism.Biomorphic Surrealism can be described as natural occurring patterns or shapes indicative of nature. The images are usually not recognisable, but s ometimes they can be represented by cells or morphing shapes. â€Å"Eat Us Sir Fire, Eat Us† is an oil painting on canvas, created in 1988. The scale is rather large; due to the fact Matta was also inspired by Mexican Muralists, his work tended to be metres in size. It is in a landscape format, thus having a rectangular shape. The focal point is in the bottom left corner where one can see two animal-like figures and perhaps a human figure, holding a jug/vase, standing behind them.Above these figures there is a bright yellow dot, possibly representing the sun or a spark. In the centre is the fire, but it is not clearly recognisable. The only clue to knowing it is the fire is the bright red paint mixed within the shapes and patterns. In the centre right, one can see two feline-type figures facing the fire. The art elements I shall be using to analyse this piece are line, form, tone, colour, composition, style and emotion. Matta used both black and white lines in his artwork. He used them to outline his figures and create random shapes and patterns.The lines are very clear, juxtaposed, some are thin, some are thick and he also incorporated both straight and curved lines. Most of the straight lines lead the eye to the figures in the left bottom corner. There are a variety of small forms with a few dispersed larger forms in this image. The forms are angular and curved and slightly broken, similar to the Cubistic style. The larger forms are placed on either side of the canvas with the smaller forms/shapes placed clustered together in the centre. Matta was famous for using vivid and bright acidic colours in his work. This piece is no different.He used bright red, yellow, acerbic green, orange, a bit of brown, black and white. Red and orange was used for the fire in the centre, yellow for the sky in the top row and left column (Golden Section), green in the right column and bottom row (also Golden Section), black shadows in the entire bottom and centre rows, wh ite for the smoke in the top row and the figures on the left, and lastly brown in the left bottom corner on the rabbit-sort figure. The tones are quite dark, mainly in the bottom and centre where the black shadows are seen, with a bit of lighter tones on the animal figures and the sky.The composition is well balanced due to the placement of the colours and figures. The position of the animals on the sides and the fire in the centre creates a three panelled division in the image. The two Golden Sections created by the yellow and green, creates a sort of diagonal division from the top right corner to the left bottom corner. The lightness of the sky creates a division from the darkness of the earth on the bottom two rows. Clearly Matta used the Golden Grid Rule in this artwork. Matta’s style is very abstract and biomorphic.Nothing is really recognisable, but one is only given a sense of what is going on in this image. At first, feelings of panic, chaos, urgency, angst and heat a re generated from this artwork, but on closer inspection, one feels a sense of calm, warmth and amazement. I feel a sense of emergency created by the fire and its close proximity to the animals, fearing for their safety. However, I also feel a sense of awe and readiness from the animals staring into the fire, as if waiting for something. Possibly the fire is so beautiful that the animals do not feel the need to run away from it.They are all facing towards it, felling no fear. They could be looking at it admirably, or in wonder, transfixed. It reminds me of the Native Americans, the way they huddle near a fire while the sun sets, telling each other stories. It especially reminds me of the theatrics of the medicine-man, who flings dust into the fire creating sparks and heavy smoke, and then ghostly images form in the flames and smoke. This is a form of fortune-telling, to create assurance and set the people’s minds at ease, but this is also used to advise the people to remain a ware and head the warnings.In the title, Matta calls the fire ‘Sir’. This could have been his way of saying that the fire has a higher status and should be respected. It portrays the fire as noble and honourable. Even though the fire seems as if it is out of control, the animals and human look at it intently, and do not hurry in the opposite direction. This blends well with the title ‘Eat Us’, meaning that they are willing to be consumed by the fire. It is possible that this image could be erotic in some way. Dreaming of animals usually represents the subliminal animalistic tendencies of the dreamer, and fire symbolises passion, desire and sex.It could be conceivable that Matta was trying to portray an animalistic love or lust in humans, and we have a subconscious desire to be consumed by it. We secretly yearn to become wild, be devoured by lust, have sex with no attachments and do it for the physical pleasure alone. A very Freudian way of interpreting this painting, I think. Yet perhaps Matta was only trying to say that one should not be afraid of the fire, rather respect and be in awe of it. But what does the fire represent? Itself, or something deeper and more psychological?All in all, this is a very colourful and chaotic piece. It leaves many questions in one’s mind, but that is what makes Matta’s work so enticing; trying to figure out what he was thinking and what he may have revealed about himself, filling the canvas with landscapes of mystery and obscurity. Image Eat Us Sir Fire, Eat us Roberto Matta 1988 Oil on Canvas References 1. The Concise Oxford Dictionary: 8th Edition. (1990). New York: Oxford University Press 2. Rock, T. (1997). Matta Art. Retrieved 13 March 2013, http://www. matta-art. com/