Physical Journey in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 933 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twain Essay Did you like this example? It is a natural thing for humans to engage in a physical journey, the journey differs depending on the person, and, each journey is important in its own way. Many authors depict these journeys in their writings. One such author is Mark Twain who covers Huckleberry Finns physical journey in his book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Physical Journey in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" essay for you Create order In this book, Huckleberrys physical journey is to not only create a climax but also to show growth and maturity. Nevertheless, his movement is more than a journey. It bears great meaning and significance such as offering a very realistic depiction of Southern life before the Civil War and the town attitude towards race and racism. The novel starts off with Huck being adopted by a very strict, but kind lady name Widow Douglas. Every day Miss Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson gives Huck a spelling, reading, and math lesson in hope of fixing his behavior. However, its all in vain when he decides to leave the town. Due to Hucks past, he has no interests in learning, he is only interested in Tom, staying alive, killing and stealing from others. This shows the reader how childish and nonexperienced Hucks is because he does not know the conscience of being a murder. When Huck ran away in fear of being kill by Pap, it portrays innocence and purity. As well as Hucks new awaiting physical journey; escaping racism. Along the way, he met Jim, a slave who was also trying to find his freedom and so together, Jim and Huck go on their quests to achieve freedom. Huckleberry desires to achieve freedom from, civilization while Jim thirsts to achieve freedom from slavery. The two characters travel down the Mississippi River. The river is a motif. The river is symbolic of the desire to become more secure and liberal. I never felt easy till the raft was out in the middle of the Mississippi we was free and safe once more. As they traverse, they are doing more than moving down this river. They are learning to discover who they are individual while growing and learning about themselves along the way. Throughout the book, as these two individuals travel down the Mississippi river searching for freedom, Mark Twain shows the changes that occur in Huck. One of these changes pertains to the opinions that Huck holds of Jim. In the beginning, Huck feels unwilling to help Jim attain his freedom. This can be seen when Huck almost turns Jim over to the slave catchers. He says, I was paddling off, all in a sweat to tell on him, the use of this idiom helps to accentuate the over-eagerness he has conforming to the expectations that society has through advocating slavery. Despite the author showing the slow transformation that Huck experiences and undergoes in recognizing the equality that Jim has, the author finally shows this by establishing that Jim is equal to the white people. It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger but I have done it, and I wasnt even sorry for it afterward neither. The author is successful in showing the importance of morality to an individual. He does this through showing that the physical Journey that Huck undergoes provides him with the moral education that he is in dire need of despite not knowing this. At the beginning of the journey, Huck is seen hunting the Arabs. Besides this, he is seen telling Jim a completely distasteful joke. The author shows the consequences that immorality has. He does this throw portraying the damaging repercussions that come from immorality. One of the major examples in the book that depicts the negative influences that immoral behavior can have on other people is shown by the actions that are undertaken by the Duke and the King. The schemes that these two individuals have caused there to be irreparable damages to the people as well as the towns that these two individuals traversed as can be seen in the novel. When these two not only posed as missionaries but also collected donations from those individuals who went to church, Huck is able to bear witness to the damage that is inflicted upon the people in that town due to the scheme that the two plotted and carried out. The resultant effect that the author shows from this is that Huck shows and feels empathy with the people as he realizes immorality has great irreparable repercussions. This is only learned from the journey that he undertakes. In sum, the author shows the importance of every human journey. The physical journey that Huckleberry goes through is able to transform him through making him a more upright and moral individual who feels empathy towards other people and forges friendships with those he would have considered unequal to him before undertaking this journey. Notably, the author centrally focuses on the physical dimensions of the journey while imposing the inner influences that this journey had in providing teachings that could only be earned and learned through journeying. Huck was able to learn so many lessons not only about equality but also about treating individuals for what they are, who they are, rather than for their outside appearances. Finally, it is important to understand that the beginning of this novel, as well as its end, bears no significance whatsoever to the physical and nonphysical journey that Huck among other characters in the book have to undergo to learn significant life lessons th at the rest of the nation is ignorant to such as slavery.

Historical Policy Comparison - 3057 Words

Historical Policy Comparison Jermaine Hunt, Jason McFadden, Kendra Williams, Michael Dasher CJA/464 December 10, 2013 Ken Jones Historical Policy Comparison Criminal justice policy over the past 50 has evolved. The key issues of criminal justice policies were gangs, drugs, juvenile, root causes of crime, and gun control. Currently, the key issues are terrorism, illegal immigration, and global organized crime. Traditionally, criminal justice policies were issued by state and local governments. However, the federal government plays an important role in implementation of criminal justice policy. The federal government provides grants to local and state governments to support these criminal justice policies. Criminal justice agencies†¦show more content†¦Due process model is like an obstacle course whereas the crime control model is like an assembly line. Conservatives favor the crime control model but liberals favor the due process model. Crimes control model emphasis on efficiency although due process model emphasis on equality. The objective of crime control model is to punish criminals, nevertheless; the goal the due process mod el protects criminals’ constitutional rights. Furthermore, Team A will analyze the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 and Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Statues addressing the following questions. Policing Policing major concerns are keeping citizens safe in their state and community, and enforcing their laws. The law enforcement agencies focus is upholding the law in making sure they intercede on the goal. Once Congress appointed the federal with power to regulate the United States but came with jurisdiction, containing to the United States Constitution for states to hold their own power the people must abide by laws. The police force includes protecting and serving the people and must enforce what the law is mandated. The police have several concerns with trying to protect and serve the public, keeping the communities with peace and not violated the government rules on the United States Constitution rights. The policeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Historical Policy Comparison2211 Words   |  9 PagesHistorical Policy Comparison University of Phoenix CJA 463/Criminal Justice Policy Analysis Historical Policy Comparison In the past fifty years, the American system of criminal justice has undergone a number of critical changes involving policing, the courts and corrections. Landmark Supreme Court rulings, such as Miranda v. Arizona, and Mapp v. 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The Impact of the 1920’s Free Essays

The decade of the 1920’s was a period of American prosperity, new technology, and a new role for women. As World War I came to an end, society began bursting into many different things. The twenties were a time when people laughed more often than cried, partied more often than worked, and dreamed more often than faced reality. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the 1920’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now Athletes were looked up to as heroes, authors helped people escape into a different life, and women dressed as flappers and started voting. The Harlem Renaissance, the model T, prohibition, sports heroes, the role of women, and new technologies all helped influence the social changes in the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. In the 1920’s, African Americans were â€Å"roaring† in their culture. African American music, literature, dance, art, and social commentary all boomed in Harlem, New York. Their culture movement was known to be called â€Å"The New Negro Movement† and later called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance showed the different cultures of African American. One of the main factors leading to the rise of the Harlem Renaissance was the urban migration. There were different people of the arts, such as Nora Thurston Zeale who was an anthropologist, Countee Cullen who was a romantic poet, Langston Hughes who was a poet as well as a playwright. Marcus Garvey, James Weldon Johnston, and W. E. B. Dubois were three political figures who helped people have hope of freedom for African Americans and made the Harlem Renaissance what it came to be known for, all the arts, literature, and music. Marcus Garvey was the leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, the first African American leader in the American history to organize masses of people in a political movement. He advocated â€Å"black nationalism† and financial independence for African Americans. W. E. B.  Dubois was an author and a teacher who helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and helped African Americans try to improve their lives. James Weldon Johnston also helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and was also the secretary. He was also an influential poet that influenced jazz music. Another black famous figure in the 1920’s was Louis Armstrong. He was an amazing trumpet player who played jazz for the first time ever heard north of the Mason-Dixon Line. Langston Hughes was a great writer who wrote funny poems, stories, essays, and poetry. The Harlem Renaissance was a time period which had a huge influence across America and even around the world. The automobile really changed the way people lived in the 1920’s. The automobile became the backbone of the American economy. It altered the American landscape and American’s society, and it was only one of the several factors in the country’s business boom in the 1920’s. The automobile changed the way people lived their lives, the way the city was run, and how the economy was dealt with. The automobile changed the way everyday people lived their lives. Rural families now could travel to the city for shopping and entertainment. It also gave families the opportunity to take a vacation in places far away. Automobiles also gave younger people and women additional opportunities to be more independent. It allowed people to live far away from their jobs causing the urban sprawl. The automobile changed the way the city was run in a few ways. It was evident in the construction of the paved roads suitable for driving in all weather. Houses were being built with garages or carports and a driveway and a smaller lawn due to more people having automobiles. Gas stations, repair shops, public garages, motels, tourist camps, traffic signals, and shopping centers were all being built as well. The economy also had a big change when the automobile came into power. The industry provided an economic underpinning for cities like Akron and Detroit. It drew people to oil-producing states like California and Texas. The automobile industry also helped promote the free enterprise system. In the late 1920’s, about one in every five people owned a vehicle in America. On January 16, 1920, the 18th amendment went to affect which banned all consumption, distribution, and creation of any alcoholic beverages. This created uproar, because people really did not like being told what they could or could not drink. The soul purpose was to reduce the quantity of alcohol consumed. It at first worked, it began to be very difficult to get alcohol, plus the prices went up a lot, and the quantity consumed was less than it used to be. At that time, most bootleggers were from the mafia, which were families that controlled areas of a city. Speakeasies were made to keep people happy when the alcohol was banned. They gave out alcohol illegally. Besides speakeasies, the American population came up with different kind of ways to get around the 18th Amendment, such as putting alcohol in hot water bottles, coconut shells, garden hoses, and other unique things to get alcohol. The mafia saw the amendment as a way to make money. The time between 1920 until 1933 when prohibition ended, mafia families, such as Al Capone, were taking in about sixty million dollars. It was pretty hard to uphold the Prohibition law. So in 1933, the Prohibition law came to an end. There were many sports heroes in the 1920’s, such as George Herman Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Johnny Weismuller, Steve Donoghue, Harold Edward Grange, Helen Newington Wills, and William Tilden. George Herman Ruth, later dubbed Babe Ruth from his fans, set the baseball record of sixty home runs in one season in 1927. This record stood until 1961 when Roger Maris hit 61 home runs. He might have been the best baseball player who ever played the game. He led the Yankees to seven World Series and made two million dollars in his career. Jack â€Å"the Manassa Mauler† Dempsey was one of the best heavyweight boxers of all time. He was a heavyweight champion and fought and won against Georges Carpentier. The battle was later called â€Å"The Battle of the Century† and they were the first people to be paid more than one million dollars for promotion of the fight. Johnny Weismuller was a swimmer who won a lot of Olympic gold medals. He won 52 United States titles and 28 world distance records. He also starred in many films as Tarzan Lord of the Jungle. Steve Donoghue won several Derby’s. He won six total Derby’s and was named the champion jockey from 1914-1923. Harold Edward Grange was a college football hero who helped get the game of American football popular. Helen Newington Wills was a woman’s tennis champion. She won Wimbledon for the first time in 1927. She had won two Olympic gold medals and 19 singles championships. She was later inducted into the U. S. Lawn Tennis Hall of Fame. William â€Å"Big Bill† Tilden was a men’s tennis champion. He was the first American to win the Wimbledon title in 1920. These two champions helped get the game of tennis popular during the twenties. On August 26th, 1920, President Wilson ratified the Nineteenth Amendment. The Nineteenth Amendment was for women suffrage. In the twenties, many roles changed for women. Women were declared the right to vote, their styles changed, they began doing other jobs such as doctors, bankers, lawyers, and other different jobs which were usually reserved for men. Women’s style changed from wearing clothes that went all the way down to their ankles and with long hair all pinned up to short â€Å"bob† hair cuts and short skirts. These women were called â€Å"flappers†. In the twenties, the jobs that were usually seen as womanly such as household things dropped. Women started doing jobs that men usually did. It was still seen that women were to be in the home and men brought home the money. A lot of new technology thrived in the 1920’s. In 1927, Philo Farnsworth patented the â€Å"dissector tube† which turned out to be important to inventing the television. Late in 1922, the first movie with sound, â€Å"The Jazz Singer† came out. Television’s first drama came out on September 11, 1928, which was called â€Å"The Queen’s Messenger†. In 1926, the first movie with sound and color came out. The Harlem Renaissance, the model T, prohibition, sports heroes, the role of women, and new technologies all helped influence the social changes in the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. The prosperity and experiences that America went through in the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† looked like they would go on forever. There were not any signs that the country that was thriving would go into a complete and total economic depression. New inventions, new advancements, and new discoveries helped make life better in America. Life seemed so easy in the twenties thanks to all the new advancements. No one would have guessed what laid ahead for the powerful country. How to cite The Impact of the 1920’s, Essay examples

A Land Far, Far Away Essay Example For Students

A Land Far, Far Away Essay When I was a small child, my mother told me about the incredible history of a foreign country that claimed to have countless opportunities to live and work. She told me that you could live in that country, and work hard so that my future was in that country and to succeed. That country, where I currently call home, is the United States of America. Each year my mother went to the United States to buy merchandise to sell in my native country of Ecuador, in a city near the coast called Portoviejo (the city I was born in). While my parents went to America, my grandparents cared for me; they are my second parents, and they gave me a lot of love and affection. A few weeks after my grandpahad passed away,I still felt incredibly sad, but I soon found out that my life would change forever. My mother called me. It was raining, and I was once again nervous of what she was going to say. She told me thatshe was going to the country that she always told me about. My mother told me that she did not have the necessary resources to ensure that we went; she only had enough money for her. She promised me that she would get me into the United States, but with the condition that I would improve in school, includingpassing eighth grade. At the time, I was a young boy who had neither good nor bad grades, and I didn’t know if I would ever see the â€Å"land of opportunity. † The time passed by, and I knew that in a week my mother would go to the United States without me. With her,I was able to go out a lot, and Imademany close friends. That day arrived, and she gave me a memory that I liked, a poem, (the best poem that a mother could give to a child). I started to cry. Even though my mother just left,I was sad and torn apart, and missed her immensely. From that moment on, I felt something change in my body that could not stop me. After not seeing my mom and living with my grandma for two years, I got the call of lifetime: it was my mom, saying that I was moving to the U. S. I managed to improve my grades in five subjects. Many teachers were amazed when my grades rose, and they began to congratulate me; I felt very happy. It was my last week in Ecuador, and I imagined that as I was making my way to a beautiful country. The day came and I got to travel alone (it was my first time traveling alone), got on the plane, and I felt joy and great sorrow, joy to see my mother again, but the great sadness of leaving my grandparents. It was night, and as I was coming to the United States, I only saw many lights were very bright and saw something white. It was snow, something that I always wanted to touch and feel. The buildings were twice the size of the buildings in my country, and then I remembered the twin towers and the terrible event that happened there. To be successful, you have to work hard and succeed. I want to be a successful person, and become someone in this world and for my mother to be proud of me. This is a life lesson, you do not know if tomorrow you will be with your family or not; you have to appreciate the people who are around you and know what you have. Since I arrived, I decided to excel in my studies and have more respect for teachers and other adults. I think Im doing the right thing for my family and me.

The Actress (Theatrical Novel). The green version of Review Essay Example

The Actress (Theatrical Novel). The green version of Review Paper Essay on The Actress (Theatrical Novel). The green version of . Fun, easy reading It was interesting to observe the authors version of what will become of the capital in the near future of course, fantasy Full, and hardly describe the capabilities will So, the plot -. Young, but, of course, an aging actress who lost her husband (allegedly by his own stupidity, etc. here and remorse come on stage), and the opportunity for career growth, taking drugs, spends lonely nights in the trash of their own past and apartments, plays a minor role in a word, rotting girl he meets the devil n follows (or rather, during) attempts to die. He offers her fame, talent and the whole world at her feet and, instead, nothing. But the devil lied to her ambiguous truth, paraphrasing classics. Nina (the main character, on whose behalf and narrative goes) back to life, gets the best roles, endless youth, beauty, and glory We will write a custom essay sample on The Actress (Theatrical Novel). The green version of Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Actress (Theatrical Novel). The green version of Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Actress (Theatrical Novel). The green version of Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the one hand -. Gets dreamed about. But the problem is that people who are looking at it from the audience, start committing suicide in tens of feelings to a-great-Nina. Then the girl realizes that something is amiss, and infernal man of its allegedly sleeping likely real. Nina wants to leave the game, but not everything is simple Next to retell the story will not) it is better to read the first mouth , ie from the book, and I shall continue on my own opinion: The plot is scored by all and sundry. Goethes Faust with his nervous hiccups. Not to say that the book struck me. This is another shocker. It differs only in the addition of fiction, futuristic time, and of a philosophical subtext that, they say, love will win and Satan The book on the fan, plus -. Given its size and simplicity of the language of the author read it can at least to add another paint (green in this case) in the picture of modern literature which navryadli in the future we dare to call a classic. In general, for smile etc. Reading necessarily)

Issues Arising In Mauritius Children And Young People Essays

Issues Arising In Mauritius Children And Young People Essays Issues Arising In Mauritius Children And Young People Essay Issues Arising In Mauritius Children And Young People Essay Resulting the recent instances of colza, childhood gestations, kid maltreatment and other similar instances like STDs, most instructors interviewed believe that these are the consequences of improper sex instruction. In Mauritius instructors have noticed that kids tend to larn from the street, equals, cyberspace and other beginnings instead than from their instructors or professionals. They think that these issues can be avoided by proper channeling of these adolescents about sex instruction in schools or at place. Many instructors during the interviewed besides pointed out that many adolescents think that sex is a instead tabu capable and they prefer to larn from their inexperient friends about it, and these consequences in misunderstanding of the capable therefore misdirecting them. Many besides have noticed that adolescents in their categories do non hold a sound cognition about sexually familial diseases, its ways of transmittal and protections that must be used so as to avoid ca tching these sexually transmitted diseases. Another issue that instructors pointed out was teenage or childhood gestation, which is going rather common in Mauritius and harmonizing to them this besides, is due to miss of sexual instruction at school. Many adolescents do nt hold a sound cognition about safe sex or prophylactic steps that can be used besides, many are non even cognizant about the legal age for holding sexual intercourse. Child maltreatment besides is going another societal issue in Mauritius. Harmonizing to instructors, we must larn from past instances like the snatch at Gokhoola small town and take these instances as an dismay therefore the demand to learn our kids how to avoid unknown persons and besides the dangers that an unknown person might stand for. Besides instructors have pointed out another really of import issue ; the connexion of sex related jobs and sites like Facebook, Skype and chirrup. They have recalled how these societal webs can turn out to be a da nger to adolescents through their girl usage. There have been several instances like phone or webcam recorded films of adolescents prosecuting in sexual activities like for illustration the stuti instance in 2005. With proper sex instruction and learning the dangers about the girl usage of these sites can change by reversal the state of affairs. Besides as a female instructor quoted from MATHA CORNOG Will sex instruction cut down or stop AIDS, adolescent gestation, harlotry, and sexual development? Frankly, we do non cognize. But silence on sexual affairs does non look to be an option either ideologically or practically. Ideologically, ignorance is no advantage when others have knowledge, particularly knowledge misused, and people who know nil of sex can take hazards unwittingly and be taken advantage of. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.notable-quotes.com/s/sex_education_quotes.html The importance of implementing sex instruction in the course of study. As stated by the instructors interviewed, sex instruction is partially covered by topics like place economic sciences, biological science and societal surveies, but it is deficient as these topics merely talk about the rudimentss. They think that taking merely about pubescence, the scientific discipline behind it and its alterations will non work out societal issues refering sex. They think that sex instruction should be taught individually as a topic so as to cover the whole subject and besides non merely speak about the scientific discipline of sex but besides give the adolescents a sense of societal attack towards sex. Teaching this subject will do adolescents more responsible about their organic structure, their societal image and the effects of unprotected sex. Teaching sex instruction, harmonizing to instructors interviewed, will non merely learn adolescents about the scientific discipline behind gestation but will besides do them aware about ways to avoid it, household plannin g techniques and besides the effects that will originate after the act is done ; that is about the upbringing of the babe, the fiscal cost behind a kid and forfeits needed to provide for a kid like for illustration halting surveies to look after one s babe. Implementing sex instruction will besides sensitive our young person about the dark side of societal networking sites and learn them the proper manner to utilize these site so as non to be victims of colzas, maltreatments or confidentiality associated instances like for illustration utilizing a adolescents confidant and private exposures and posting them on the cyberspace. Implementing sex instruction will besides do our adolescents more responsible as the instructors will move as a nurseryman who will snip the bush for them to go better trees. Harmonizing to some instructors sex instruction will besides do teenager go more attentive to other topics taught as sex instruction will do these kids more mature ( by sing the psychologi cal facet of sex instruction ) and besides as most adolescents are fond of sex concerned affairs, instructors can utilize it as a mean to explicate different subject at school. Harmonizing to a lady instructor, sex instruction at school will besides relieve the undertaking of some parents who think that sex is forbidden as these parents will non hold to teach their kids and on the other manner the instructor will learn the kid and the kid will learn his or her parents. Besides as another instructor quoted from Benjamin Spock Does sex instruction promote sex? Many parents are afraid that speaking about sex with their adolescents will be taken as permission for the adolescent to hold sex. Nothing could be farther from the truth. If anything, the more kids learn about gender from speaking with their parents and instructors and reading accurate books, the less they feel compelled to happen out for themselves. Obstacles for implementing sex instruction at school. Some instructors clearly stated that sex instruction will meet many obstructions during or for its execution at school. Some of these obstructions will be preparation, the tabbooness of sex and besides the mentality of some instructors. The most hard facet in implementing sex instruction at school, from the instructors point of position will be developing. The chief concern was to what extent instructors are qualified to learn sex instruction at school. Their concern was, whether the ministry will supply preparation to them before implementing sex instruction at school. Besides are all instructors ready or do they accept to learn this subject at school. Some instructors were a spot loath about learning this topic at school as they themselves are non cognizant about its necessity. As one instructor quoted How can a unsighted Teach colourss to a normal individual , he meant that preparation will be a must for instructors before implementing such a tabu topic at school. Another obstr uction would be the fact that sex is forbidden. Many female instructors were loath about learning such a tabu topic as they think that this might stain their image in society. Besides many instructors think that refering such capable, pupils might utilize disgusting linguistic communication or misconduct in category. Some besides think that learning sex instruction will make jobs in their personal lives, for illustration a hubby wo nt appreciate that his married woman is learning sex instruction to immature male childs at school. Some instructors are loath about this thought as they thing that parents will go a automatic obstructor in the execution of such a subject. Some Orthodox parents will neer hold that such a topic is being taught to their kids and besides they might believe that learning such a topic will promote their kids into sexual intercourses. Another obstruction that instructors have brought to visible radiation is the spiritual portion in sexual instruction. For many faiths speaking about sex to adolescents is forbidden and that these individuals will larn about sex when the minute comes, that is, after matrimony. Some instructors besides pointed that implementing sex instruction will be hard as they themselves are non prepared for it. They are excessively immature and hold merely finished their surveies and engaged in instruction, therefore they think they lack experience about undertaking hard maters. Another instructor pointed out that he will non be able to learn such a topic as he has kids who are of the same age group of his pupils and this might interfere with the attack he has will his kids. This might give rise to jobs like his kids s schoolmates teasing them about the fact that their male parent is a sexual instruction instructor. Besides another immature lady teacher pointed out that taking which teacher will learn this subject at school will be a job besides will they learn this topic entirely or will it be a portion clip. Finance wi ll be another issue as the authorities will hold to pay these extra instructors or increase the wage of bing instructors for them to learn an extra topic. An experient instructor quoted in wit from BRUNO BETTELHEIM You can non hold sex instruction without stating that sex is natural and that most people find it enjoyable. Content of the course of study of sex instruction at school. All instructors interviewed besides gave their sentiments about the content of the course of study if sex instruction is implemented at school. They talked about contents like tie ining biological science, societal surveies, place economic sciences and besides information engineering with sex instruction. Associating biological science with the topic of sex instruction, harmonizing to them will cover about the scientific discipline side of it. It will explicate the operation of the human organic structure, the alterations during pubescence, stairss in gestation and besides the biological science behind sex like the hormonal effects on the encephalon. Harmonizing to the instructors, this scientific discipline side will do the pupils more cognizant about their organic structures and understand the alterations they are traveling through. Besides unifying the societal surveies portion with sex instruction will learn kids about what is acceptable in society and what is non. This will enab le kids to larn how to act in society and besides how to undertake sex related issues with their parents or society. Sociology in sex instruction will besides learn childs about sexually familial diseases, their effects and besides ways of avoiding these diseases. Social scientific disciplines will besides fix these childs and train them about their hereafter sex lives so as to acquire a cleaner position about sex. Including societal scientific disciplines in sex instruction will besides assist adolescents to take the right clip to come in into sexual dealingss and besides doing sex a less forbidden topic therefore enabling them to speak about this topic with their parents or friends in a more educated and civilised mode. Besides another instructor suggested that implementing societal scientific discipline with sex instruction will besides do pupils cognizant that love and sex is non the same thing. It s non necessary that to be in love, they need to be holding sexual intercourses. Besides tie ining portion of place economic sciences category with sex instruction, harmonizing to instructors will be a great thought as place economic will cover about the hygiene portion. Hygiene is a really of import factor in sex. This will enable pupils to understand the importance of hygiene and besides do them more cognizant about medical issues originating from bad sexual hygiene. Besides the place economic sciences factor will fix the adolescents to go future parents and develop them about how to care for their organic structures and how to care for a babe. A instructor besides noted that sex instruction is non entirely about sex but besides about being future parents, therefore the necessity to implement portion of place economic sciences in the topic of sex instruction. Another suggestion by instructors was implementing information engineering in sex instruction. This will be a great instruction assistance as instructors can utilize the cyberspace, and films to learn thi s subject at school. Information engineering can assist as a facilitator between instructor and pupils as most pupils have entree to information engineering. Besides by implementing it in sexual instruction instructors will be able to learn and warn students about the dangers of information engineering refering sex. Teachers can besides do pupil more responsible towards societal networking sites, therefore doing them less accessible quarry for cybercrimes. Besides some instructors suggested about learning the spiritual portion besides in sexual instruction. Including subjects like moral values as these subject will do these adolescents be more concerned about morality and will believe twice earlier perpetrating the act. Delivering the lesson in learning sex instruction at school. The instructors proposed different ways about presenting the subject of sex instruction in category. First they suggested about sing the different age groups to be taught. This can be achieved by learning the capable category wise ; that is, harmonizing to instructors lessons should be delivered to single categories. Besides, they suggested that the first lesson should be about the consciousness and importance of sex instruction at school and why is it being taught. Besides the interviewed instructors accepted that instruction of sex instruction must be done in a two manner method ; that is, category engagement and audience engagement must be managed. The subject must be taught in such a manner that all pupils will take part in category so that the category does non go deadening. Teachers besides think that lessons will hold to be delivered in a proactive mode ; which is indirectly make the pupils participate in category and doing it an interesting topic. Besides, instructors think t hat they must travel in deepness of the topic so as to explicate all the facets of sex instruction at school, neglecting to make so will do pupil make a bad thought about the topic. This capable being tabu, instructors think that this tabu can be broken up by doing the category more interesting by implementing patterns like function drama, transporting group work, category presentations and arguments. These will do the pupils more active in category and take the boredomness factor. Another suggestion was that associations refering sex related jobs like The Ministry Of Health, PILLS, and Youth groups can be invited at school to present negotiations and sensitisation runs at school. This will assist pupils by geting information from other beginnings instead than their instructors and besides these organisations will give them the practical side of sex instruction alternatively of pen and paper talks. Information engineering, harmonizing to instructors can besides be a good mean for pr esenting lessons about the subject in category. As most of today s adolescents are familiar with cyberspace, a web site can be making for each school about sex instruction and notes and talks can be posted for pupil to read therefore pointing towards e-learning construct. The usage of media support like docudramas and movie projection about the subject will profit both instructors and pupils as pupil can larn straight from these supports and besides instructor can do the category more interesting by the usage of media. Some instructors besides proposed that the topic of sex instruction can be assessed by giving the pupils little category trials, research plants and undertakings. They suggested that even though these appraisals will non number for their academic public presentation, but it is traveling to be a benchmark about how much the pupils have assimilated in category and besides these will be a cheque grade for instructors and will reflect if the degree of learning should be i mproved or non.

Changes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Changes - Essay Example array of studies was conducted by Gendreau and Ross is 1987 that proved to be effective in proving certain reforms to be true and arranging the juvenile system is the set order. More researches are carried by the Greenwood and Zimring in 1985 that added several feature to secure the rights of the juvenile offenders and secure the made the juvenile justice system to be respected and responsive in solving the problems of the juvenile offenders. Similar types of researches are carried by the Altschuler and Armstrong in 1984 that made the juvenile justice system different from the general justice system in every method, proceedings and punishments. Most recently, the National Council on Crimes and delinquency evaluated how the system can be made more responsive in minimizing the crime rate by summarizing the previous reforms in the juvenile justice system. These reforms are made by Lipsey and other colleges of him in

General Motors - External Environmental Analysis Assignment

General Motors - External Environmental Analysis - Assignment Example The auto industry has always been vulnerable to economic fluctuations, and with the volatility of fuel prices growing by the day, GM and other companies are always facing tough times. This is despite the firm’s huge financial resources. GM has a sound strategic core. This is evidenced by its huge turnaround since its bankruptcy in 2009. The company has hired highly skilled managers with rich strategic experience and knowledge of strategic management to guide its corporate development (Lewandowski, 2014). As one of the largest automakers in the world, GM is resource-rich in terms of tangible (hardware and facilities) and intangible (liquid cash). These resources are used to drive its expansion and support its new innovative orientation (Lewandowski, 2014). GM is yet to expand its network to emerging markets and advanced economies in Europe, Africa, and Eastern Europe. The company has opportunities to invest in new markets and maintain profitability (Lewandowski, 2014). The electric/hybrid segment also has endless opportunities created by consumers’ new inclination towards green energy. The threat of new entrants is low to moderate. Factors such as research and development (R&D) costs, economic instability, competition, and inflation make it extremely difficult for prospective entrants to successfully venture into the industry. Rising fuel prices, coupled with economic instability, has signaled a shift to electric and hybrid cars. GM has been forced to embrace electric/hybrid cars in order to avoid losing market share to other firms. Consumers have started viewing electric/hybrid cars as viable alternatives to wasteful and environmentally unfriendly gas automobiles. The threat of substitutes is moderate to high. Buyers have moderate to high bargaining power, especially because of new regulations and a greater variety to choose from. In the US

Revelation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Revelation Paper - Essay Example An aspect of similarity between the Martyrdom of Perpetua, Philistas and her companions at one end and Polycarp at the other is underscored by the fact that in both cases, God allows His faithful to undergo martyrdom. This immediately serves as a strong antithesis to the presently famous doctrine being touted by televangelists that with faith, God can do anything for a Christian, if that Christian has faith. This prosperity gospel insinuates that God’s blessings and primary will amount to physical and material gains and consummation of earthly goals. On the contrary, it is apparent that immediately Perpetua has a revelation from God [through a vision wherein the Lord is presented as a Shepherd], together with her companions, they all become aware that the impending martyrdom is God’s will. A very devoted and godly man, Polycarp also undergoes martyrdom. Through the experiences that transpire in the lives of Perpetua and her companions and Polycarp, it becomes clear that God may love His people very much, to the point of taking them home, to be with them forever- and martyrdom or natural death [as is the case of St. John the Divine] may be an instrument God uses to achieve this purpose. The crux of the matter herein is that at some instances, God may glorify Himself through martyrdom, as is the case of Perpetua and her companions and Polycarp’s martyrdom. Again, contrary to modern day teaching, martyrdom is also presented as a way of God’s deliverance for His children (Amat, 1996). Growing up over the years, I have come to appreciate the harmony I have acquired from my religious heritage. The matter here is that I have benefited immensely from the roles that my father and mother have dispensed as individuals and as unique members of the family, just as the Quran and the Hadith stipulate. Because of this, I have been able to have a stable and orderly family where the roles of each parent are effectively and timely discharged. Over time, I have come to

Blood Donation Safety Procedures: An Overview

Blood Donation Safety Procedures: An Overview Qualification of blood donors has become a lengthy and detailed process, a donor inquisition some would say. Yet blood collection depends on this system of safeguards to protect the donor from injury and the recipient from the risks of allogeneic blood. Sensitive screening tests have been considered the cornerstone of blood safety for more than three decades. However, testing represents only one component of this system. Additional layers of safety include following measures:- Detailed donor education programmes prior to recruitment, Pre-donation informational literature, Stringent donor screening selection and deferral procedures, Post-donation product quarantine Donor tracing and notification when instances of disease transmission are detected. Each element plays a role in preventing tainted units from entering the blood inventory. Most transfusion services have developed evidence-based standards and regulations for the selection of donors and quality systems to assure excellence in all phases of their application. Other standards derive from expert opinion and common sense, and these policies need to be revisited as scientific information becomes available. Blood donors should have the following general qualifications:- They should have reached the age of consent, most often 18 years, but 17 in some countries such as the USA and the UK; They should be in good health, They should have no history of serious illness, Must weigh enough to allow safe donation of a unit and not recognize themselves as being at risk of transmitting infection. Ideally, donation should be strictly voluntary and without financial incentive. Some blood services impose an arbitrary upper limit on age, commonly 65 years, or up to age 70 in Denmark and the UK; however, it seems curiously subjective to exclude donors on the basis of age alone if they are otherwise in good health. The Blood Collection Service should provide informational literature for prospective blood donors. After information and counselling about criteria for donor selection, donors should consent in writing to the terms of donation, including the use of the donated  blood, the extent of testing, the use of testing results (including donor notification of positive results) and the future use of any stored specimens. Donors should be told about the possibility of delayed fainting and about other significant risks of the donation procedure. Blood donation has potential medicolegal consequences. If a donor becomes ill shortly after giving blood, the illness may be attributed to blood donation For this reason, among others, it is important to ensure that donors have no history of medical conditions such as brittle diabetes, hypertension, poorly controlled epilepsy and unstable cardiopulmonary disease that might be associated with an adverse event following phlebotomy. Pregnancy might be adversely affected by the donation process and ordinarily excludes a donor. Donors who become ill within 2 weeks of donation should be encouraged to inform the transfusion service, which may wish to discard the donated blood, recall any plasma sent for fractionation or follow up recipients of the blood components as appropriate. Donors who develop hepatitis or HIV infection within 3-6 months of donation should also i nform the Blood Collection Service. Donor interview The donor interview should be conducted by staff trained and qualified to administer questions and evaluate responses. The donor interview should be conducted in a setting sufficiently unhurried and private as to permit discussion of confidential information. With current practices in the USA, approximately 2% of volunteer donors still disclose risks that would have led to deferral at the time of donation. Introduction of standardized and validated questionnaires and the application of interactive computer-assisted audiovisual health history may reduce errors and misinterpretations during conduct of the donor interview. Physical examination Blood collectors perform a limited physical examination designed to protect donor and recipient. Screeners routinely assess the donors general appearance and defer those who do not appear well or are under the influence of alcohol. A normal range of pulse and blood pressure is defined, although variances may be granted for healthy athletes. Body weight and temperature are measured by some collection services. Both arms are examined for evidence of illicit drug use and for lesions at the venepuncture site. Volume of donation The volume of anticoagulant solutions in collection bags is calculated to allow for collection of a particular volume of blood, which, in the UK, is 450  ± 45 ml. In the USA often 500 ml, but in no case more than 10.5 ml/kg including the additional volume of 20-30 ml of blood collected into pilot tubes. From donors weighing 41-50 kg, only 250 ml of blood is collected into bags in which the volume of anticoagulant solution has been appropriately reduced. In some countries, the volume collected routinely is less than 450 ml, for example 350-400 ml in Turkey, Greece and Italy, and 250 ml in some Asian countries such as Japan, where donors tend to be smaller. Record-keeping It should be possible to trace the origin of every blood donation and records should be kept for several years, depending on the guidelines for each country. In many countries, a system employing unique bar-coded eyereadable donation numbers is now in use. This system makes it possible to link each donation to its integral containers and sample tubes and to the particular donor session record. Information concerning previous donations, such as records of blood groups and microbiology screening tests, antibodies detected, donor deferrals and adverse reactions are important for subsequent attendances. Electronic storage of donor information greatly facilitates accurate identification, release, distribution and traceability of units of blood and blood products. An international code, ISBT 128, is intended to be used by all countries for the accurate identification of donors and donations. These records must be protected from accidental destruction, modification or unauthorized access. Frequency of donors in the population Although in many Western countries, some 60% of the population are healthy adults aged 18-65 years and thus qualified to be blood donors, the highest annual frequency of donation in the world corresponds to about 10% of the population eligible to give blood donating once per year, as in Switzerland. The frequency in most developing countries is less than 1% . The number of units collected per 1000 US inhabitants of usual donor age (18-65) was 88.0 in 2001, up from 80.8 in 1999. Although this number compares favourably with the rate of 72.2 per 1000 in 1997, it pales in comparison with the 100 units per 1000 population collected in Switzerland. As treacherous as it may be to interpret these figures, the numbers suggest that US collecting facilities are progressively improving efficiency. Data from the American National Red Cross indicate that the average volunteer donates about 1.7 times a year. Losses from outdated red cells accounted for 5.3% of the supply but, given the fact that r ed cells can be transfused only to compatible recipients, the number of usable units outdated appears to be extremely small. More than 99% of group O units and 97% of group A units were transfused. The shrinking donor pool: the safety vs. availability conundrum Donor deferrals and miscollected units have an increasing role in blood shortages. In a 1-year study at a regional blood centre, nearly 14% of prospective donors were ineligible on the day of presentation and more than 3.8% of donations did not result in the collection of an acceptable quantity of blood. Short-term deferral for low haemoglobin (Hb) was the overwhelming reason for the deferral of female donors in all age groups, representing more than 50% of all short-term deferrals. In first-time female donors, low Hb accounted for 53-67% of deferrals within different age groups, and for repeat female donors 75-80% of deferrals. In both firsttime and repeat male donors aged 40 years and older, the most common reason for short-term deferral was blood pressure or pulse outside allowed limits. For persons aged 16-24 years, regardless of sex and donation  status, the most common reason for lengthy deferral was tattoo, piercing or other non-intravenous drug use needle exposure. For 25- to 39-year-old female donors, needle exposure was also the most common reason, whereas for male donors, travel to a malarial  area was more common. For all ages over 40, the most common reason for long-term deferral was travel to a malarial area. Measures introduced to increase blood safety may  have the unintended consequence of decreasing blood availability. Results from demographic studies indicate that certain donor groups or donor sites present an unacceptable risk of disease transmission. For example, blood collectors no longer schedule mobile drives at prisons or institutions for the disabled because of the recognized high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible viruses. Few would argue the risk-benefit analysis of these exclusions. More questionable were the temporary exclusions of US soldiers exposed to multiple tick bites at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, and the lengthy deferrals of veterans who served in Iraq and Kuwait because of the fear that they might harbour Leishmania donovani, an agent infrequently associated with transfusion risk. Donors who have received human growth hormone injections have been indefinitely deferred because of the possible risk of transmitting Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (CJD); however, relatives of patients with sporadic CJD are still deferred in the US (except for preparation of plasma fractions) despite evidence of their safety. There have now been five case-control studies of more than 600 CJD cases, two look-back studies of recipients of CJD products, two autopsy studies of patients with haemophilia and mortality surveillance of 4468 CJD deaths over 16 years without any link to transmission by transfusion (Centers for Bio logic Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration 2002). Although the impact of this deferral on the US blood supply has been negligible, the recent indefinite deferral of donors who resided in the UK for a total of 3 months or longer between 1980 and 1996, and the complicated deferral policy for residents and visitors to the European continent, designed to reduce a calculated risk of transmission of the human variant of mad cow disease (variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, vCJD), has had a substantial impact, a loss of as much as 10% by some estimates, particularly on apheresis donors (Custer et al. 2004). Additional donor exclusions appear to be on the horizon. Donor medications constitute another significant area of deferral losses. Certain medications, for example etretinate (Tegison), isotretinoin (Accutane), acitretin (Soriatane), dutasteride (Avodart) and finasteride (Proscar), have been identified as posing potential risk to transfusion recipients because of their teratogenic potential at low plasma concentrations. Such exclusions have little impact on blood safety but each shrinks the potentially eligible volunteer donor pool. More troublesome, although not as numerous, are donor deferrals resulting from false-positive infectious disease screening tests. This problem has been recognized since the introduction of serological tests for syphilis. However, during the past 15 years, the introduction of new screening tests and testing technologies has resulted in numerous deferrals for questionable test results and either complex re-entry algorithms or no approved method to requalify such donors. Surrogate tests used for screening have pro ved particularly troublesome. However, even specific tests result in inappropriate deferrals. Of initial disease marker-reactive donations, 44% proved to be indeterminate or false positive. Each year an estimated 14000 donors are deferred from donating blood for an indefinite period because of repeatedly reactive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), and several hundred donors are deferred for apparently false-positive nucleic acid testing (NAT) results. Registry of bone marrow donors Voluntary blood donors are highly suitable to become bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell donors for unrelated recipients, and many transfusion services now recruit them for this purpose. From its founding in 1986 until August 2003, the National Marrow Donor Program in the USA had registered more than 5 million bone marrow and blood stem cell donors, and Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide in the Netherlands records more than 8 million donors from 51 registries in 38 countries. Standards for acceptance of stem cell donors are based on blood donor eligibility. A uniform donor history is being developed. Conditions that may disqualify a donor Carriage of transmissible diseases The most important infectious agents transmissible by transfusion are the hepatitis viruses B and C, HIV, human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs), bacteria and the agents causing malaria and Chagas disease. Increasing attention is being paid to the risks of emerging agents and newly recognized infectious risks of transfusion such as West Nile virus, babesiosis and vCJD. Steps that should be taken to minimize the risk of infecting recipients with the agents of these and other diseases involve exclusion based on geographical residence, signs and symptoms of disease, high-risk activity and demographics associated with risk transmission. Donors who have been exposed to an infectious disease and are at risk of developing it should be deferred for at least the length of the incubation period. Recent inoculations, vaccinations, etc. To avoid the possibility of transmitting live viruses (e.g. those of measles, mumps, rubella, Sabin oral polio vaccine, yellow fever, smallpox), donors should not give blood during the 3 weeks following vaccination. In subjects immunized with killed microbes or with antigens (cholera, influenza, typhoid, hepatitis A and B, Salk polio, rabies, anthrax, tick-borne and Japanese encephalitis) or toxoids (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis), the interval is normally only 48 h. These recommendations apply if the donor is well following vaccination. Plasma from recently immunized donors may be useful for the manufacture of specific immunoglobulin preparations. Donors who have received immunoglobulins after exposure to infectious agents should not give blood for a period slightly longer than the incubation period of the disease in question. If hepatitis B immunoglobulin has been given after exposure to the virus, donation should be deferred for 9 months to 1 year; similarly, if tetanus immunoglo bulin has been given, donation  should be deferred for 4 weeks. When rabies vaccination follows a bite by a rabid animal, blood donations should be suspended for 1 year. In developed countries, tetanus and diphtheria immunoglobulin is derived from human sources. However, horse serum is still  used in some parts of the world. Donors who have received an injection of horse serum within the previous 3 weeks should not donate blood because traces of horse serum in their blood might harm an allergic recipient. The administration of normal human immunoglobulin before travelling to countries where hepatitis A is endemic is not a cause for deferral. Group O subjects may develop very potent haemolytic anti-A following an injection of tetanus toxoid, typhoid-paratyphoid (TAB), vaccine or pepsindigested horse serum, which may contain traces of hog pepsin. In the past, the use of such subjects as universal donors sometimes led to severe haemolytic transfusion reactions in group A subjects. Platelet concentrates collected by apheresis from subjects with hyperimmune anti-A should not be used for transfusion to group A or AB patients in view of the large volume of plasma needed to suspend the platelet concentrate. Ear-piercing, electrolysis, tattooing, acupuncture   All of these procedures carry a risk of transmission of hepatitis or HIV infection when the equipment used is not disposable or sterilized, and blood donation should then be deferred for 12 months. In the UK, donors are accepted if the acupuncture is performed by a registered medical practitioner or in a hospital. Although  the association between tattooing and exposure to hepatitis C is generally acknowledged, less clear is whether a tattoo performed by licensed and inspected facilities carries more risk than a trip to the dentists surgery. Allergic subjects Subjects who suffer from very severe allergy are unacceptable as donors because their hypersensitivity may be passively transferred to the recipient for a short period. Subjects with seasonal allergy (e.g. hay fever) may donate when not in an active  phase of their hypersensitivity. A screening test for immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies would not help to identify those allergic individuals with an increased chance of passively transferring their hypersensitivity. Blood transfusions and tissue grafts Donations should not be accepted for at least 12 months after the subject has received blood, blood components or grafts. Increasingly, donors who have received transfusion in the UK are being deferred indefinitely as a precaution against transmission of vCJD. Surgery and dental treatment When surgery has been carried out without blood transfusion, donation may be considered when the subject has fully recovered. Uncomplicated dental treatments and extractions should not be a cause for prolonged deferral, as utensils are sterilized and the  risk of bacteraemia persisting for more than 1 h is negligible. Medication Many subjects taking medication are not suitable as donors because of their underlying medical condition. Others are unsuitable as donors because the drugs they are taking, for example anticoagulants or cytotoxic agents, may harm the recipients. Subjects who have taken aspirin within the previous week are unsuitable when theirs are the only platelets to be given to a particular recipient. Ingestion of oral contraceptives or replacement hormones such as thyroxine is not a disqualification for blood donation. On the other hand, recipients of human growth hormone (non-recombinant) should be permanently deferred from blood donation as should subjects who have used illicit injected drugs. Deferral for specific medication use is usually an issue of medical discretion. Donors with relatively minor red cell abnormalities In some populations, a considerable number of donors have an inherited red cell abnormality. The three conditions most likely to be encountered are: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency, sickle trait (HbAS) and thalassaemia trait. G-6-PD deficiency. This is the most common red cell enzyme defect; hundreds of molecular variants have been catalogued. Although most G-6-PD-deficient red cells have only slightly subnormal survival and lose viability on storage with adenine at only a slightly increased rate (Orlina et al. 1970), some enzyme variants render the cells unsuitable for transfusion. With the African variant GdA- present in 10% of African  Americans, a relatively small number of red cells are severely affected. However, the Mediterranean variant GdMediterranean and others render the red cell particularly  sensitive to oxidative stress. If the recipient of one of these units develops an infectious illness or ingests fava beans or one of any number of drugs (ph enacetin, sulfonamides, vitamin K, primaquine, etc.), rapid destruction of the donors G-6-PD-deficient cells may  result. Neonatologists avoid using G-6-PD-deficient blood for exchange transfusion, and subjects who have evidenced G-6-PD-related haemolysis should be permanently deferred from donation (Beutler 1994). Sickle trait (HbAS). Sickle trait red cells survive normally in healthy subjects, even after storage. However,  in patients subject to various types of hypoxic stress, these cells survive poorly. HbS polymerizes at low oxygen tension and the cells are trapped in the spleen. Blood from donors with sickle cell trait should not be used for infants or for patients with  sickle cell disease who undergo exchange transfusion. Patients, other than those with sickle Hb, who require general anaesthesia should have no problems if transfused  with HbAS red cells provided that adequate oxygenation is maintained. Red cells from subjects with HbAS are usually unaffected by collection via apheresis,  but those with sickling haemoglobinopathies should not donate by apheresis and are not suitable for intraoperative salvage. If blood from donors with sickle cell trait is  glycerolized for storage in the frozen state, extra wash solution must be used during the deglycerolization procedure. Sickle trait prevents ef fectiveWBC reduction by filtration. Thalassaemia trait This is associated with little or no reduction in red cell lifespan in most subjects with a normal Hb concentration and these subjects may be accepted as donors. Special conditions in which normally disqualified donors may donate In some circumstances, a donor may give blood or components to be used for a special purpose, even although the requirements for normal donation are not met. For example, a donor who is mildly anaemic or who has recently given birth may give plasma or  platelets by apheresis; the plasma may be needed for reagent preparation, for example HLA antibodies, or the platelets may be needed for transfusion to the newborn infant. Donors at risk for carrying malaria may give plasma for fractionation. The usual interval  between donations may be waived for important medical indications. The donor age limitation and a number of other screening criteria may be modified for components directed to the recipient of the donors bone marrow. In every case, medical evaluation should ensure that there is no increased risk to the donors health and that the value of the component outweighs any perceived increase in risk. Under these circumstances, informed consent regarding the variance and documentati on of the circumstances is mandatory. Donation of whole blood Frequency of donation The volume lost from a single unit donation is replaced within 48-72 h. Red cell mass recovers more slowly, requiring 3-6 weeks. Some collection services bleed donors no more than two or three times a year; most do not bleed women who are pregnant or those who have been pregnant within the previous 6 weeks. The primary objective of this policy is to protect the donor from iron deficiency. There is a wide variation in the recommended minimum interval between donations. For example in the US, in line with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, the interval can be as short as 8 weeks and a maximum of 3 l of blood per year may be collected. Premenopausal women should not donate as frequently as men. In the Netherlands, men are bled every 3 months and women every 6 months. Because few red cells are lost during platelet and plasmapheresis, these procedures may be performed more often and at shorter intervals. Standards vary by country; in the USA plateletpheresis donors may be dr awn every 48 h up to twice per week and 24 times per year. Commercial plasmapheresis donors are bled even more frequently; however, physical examination is more rigorous and laboratory testing more extensive for these donors. As combinations of components, such as two-unit red cells, are drawn by apheresis, volumes and intervals become individualized, but generally limited by the loss of red cells. Hb regeneration after normal blood donation In 14 normal healthy subjects bled of about 400 ml of blood (8% of their blood volume), circulating reticulocytes increased minimally but significantly and peaked on the ninth day after bleeding. The Hb level was lowest 1 or 2 weeks after bleeding, and increased rapidly thereafter, reaching predonation levels at 3-4 weeks (Fig. 1.1). In a study in which total red cell volumes were measured in subjects who had donated about 190 ml of red cells, about 50 ml of red cells were restored after 1 week and restoration was  almost complete at 6 weeks. Potential health benefits of blood donation For the volunteer donor, the chief benefit lies in the satisfaction of selfless concern for the welfare of others. However, two studies suggest that there may be more tangible health benefits, particularly for middle-aged men, such as lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. The proffered explanation derives from the so-called iron hypothesis: menstrual iron loss protects women against cardiovascular disease; iron stores correlate with cardiovascular disease across European populations and heart failure is a hallmark of disorders of iron surplus (Sullivan 1981). One proposed mechanism for this association is generation of oxygen free radicals that induce oxidation of lipids. However  the Johns Hopkins Hospital autopsy registry found less coronary artery disease in hearts from patients with haemochromatosis and haemosiderosis than in hearts of age- and sex-matched controls. Salonen and co-workers (1998) conducted a prospective 9-year follow-up study of 2862 men aged 42-60 from eastern Finland, who had participated in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Only one man out of 153 who had donated blood in the 24 months prior to baseline examination suffered a myocardial infarction, compared  with 316 (12.5%) of the 2529 non-donors. Meyers and co-workers (1997) compared the rate of cardiovascular events of 665 blood donors with that of  3200 non-donors in a telephone survey of a cohort selected from the Nebraska Diet Heart Survey. By multivariate analysis, non-smoking men who had donated at least once in the previous 3 years had a significantly lowered risk of cardiovascular events; no additional benefit was derived from longer or more frequent donation. Directed donations are those given exclusively for named patients, usually by relatives or friends. The use of directed donations contravenes the normal principles of voluntary blood donation, fails to increase  safety and finds medical justification in vanishingly few circumstances: in patients with rare blood groups when the only available compatible donors may be close relatives; in occasional patients awaiting renal transplants, for whom donor-specific transfusions may still play a role; in infants with neonatal alloimmune  thrombocytopenia or haemolytic disease of the newborn, for whom maternal platelets or red cells are occasionally invaluable; (4) in children requiring open-heart or extensive orthopaedic surgery, for whom the total requirements for blood and components can be collected preoperatively, as for autologous transfusion but from designated relatives or parents, thus minimizing the number of donor units to which the children are exposed in  patients with leukaemia in relapse after bone marrow transplantation, for whom donor leucocytes are used as adoptive immunotherapy to induce graft-versusleukaemia  (GvL) effect. The practice of transfusing parental blood to premature newborn infants is not without risks. Mothers may have antibodies against antigens (inherited from the father) on the infants red cells, platelets or white cells and maternal plasma should not be used. Fathers should not serve as cell donors because they may have antigens present on their red cells, which are incompatible with maternally derived antibodies present in  the fetus. Moreover, in view of partial histocompatibility, transfusion of cells from parents and close relatives may result in graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in  the infants, or older children, especially if the infants are immunodeficient. Circumstances such as these, in which blood or platelet suspensions should be irradiated, are described in. The practice of transfusing parents with blood from their offspring can also be dangerous. Fatal GvHD occurred in two immunocompetent adult patients who  were transfused with fresh whole non-irradiated blood from their children during cardiac surgery. In both cases, one of the donors was homozygous for one of the recipients HLA haplotypes. When such transfusions are indicated, and except for instances in which adoptive immunotherapy is intended, the components should be treated with 25 Gy gamma irradiation. People who donate for friends and family lose their  anonymity and may be subject to influences not placed upon community donors. Such donors may provide less than candid answers to sensitive donor questions, either because they believe that unsafe blood will inevitably be detected by testing procedures or because they wish to conceal information from the recipient or the blood collector.

The Cons of Factory Farming :: Factory Farming

What if you were born to die and live a miserable, torturous life in between? This is everyday life for animals on factory farms. Factory Farming is a system of rearing livestock using intensive methods, by which poultry, pigs or cattle are confined indoors under strictly controlled conditions. [add in citation for definition] Factory farming isn’t only inhumane, but it’s also hurting our health, and we don’t even have the slightest clue. With our culture today, we believe whatever the media tells us; we trust them. Each and every year, the meat industries put mounds of money into advertising, brainwashing us and telling us what food we should eat. They run their advertisements on the television, radio, and Internet ads, and have even partnered with schools in exchange for free educational resources. We like to imagine that the meat we are eating was once free, happy, and had a fast death. But that is a lie. If we don’t do anything, who will? Did you kno w that more than 19 million animals are killed every hour? That means 19,011 animals are killed per minute (2013d). Animals in factory farms are born, raised, and slaughtered in confined buildings. They are never allowed out to run, to enjoy life. They are born to be killed and tortured in-between. This isn’t just about one farm animal, but a variety of them. +++ Last sentence is unnecessary, include in other sentences to tie in what different animals AND how it’s effecting humans. ++THESIS STATEMENT. ☠º Chickens are one of the top most tortured animals in factory farms. Farmers get the most money for chickens that are heavier and have enlarged thighs and breasts. Like most factory farmed animals, broiler chickens are raised in overcrowded cages their entire life, and become very aggressive. Because of this aggressiveness the employees of the farms cut of their beaks and toes without any type of painkiller or an anesthetic just to keep them from fighting. After being â€Å"debeaked† some chickens are then not able to eat and starve. Layer chickens lay 90-95% of the eggs sold in the U.S. (2013b) The torture starts the day they are born. Chicks are placed on a belt, where an employee than picks up each chick to see if it is a male or female. Newborn male chicks are thrown into trash bags, ground up alive, crushed, and killed many other inhumane ways.

Inquiries and serious case Essay

Serious case reviews are summoned when a child or a vulnerable adult is seriously injured and there is a suspicion that abuse or neglect has played a role in the outcome. When an incident occurs, a number of investigations are triggered to establish what has happened and who is to blame. In these situations serious case review and inquiries are undertaken in addition to the other investigations. According to Williams (Sarah, 2012), the purpose of serious case reviews is as follows To identify what the lessons are and how they will be acted on to improve practise. Improve local interagency working Review procedures and make recommendations for improvements Of all the procedures and stages of appointment of staff the most crucial factor is safety. It might sound weird but an error in this aspect might have wild consequences. Safer recruitment practice should include those persons who may not have direct contact with children, but because of their presence and familiarity in certain settings will still be seen as safe and trustworthy. The principles of safer recruitment should be included in the terms of any contract drawn up between the organisation and contractors or agencies that provide services for children and young people for whom the organisation is responsible. The organisation should monitor compliance with the contract, which should also include a requirement that the provider will not sub-contract to any personnel who have not been part of a safer recruitment process. Staff has to be kept informed about child protection responsibilities and procedures through induction, briefings and awareness training. There may be other adults in the school who rarely work unsupervised, more usually working alongside members of the school staff. However the supervisor will ensure they are aware of the school’s policy and the identity of the Child Protection Officer. Any member of staff, volunteer or visitor to the school who receives a disclosure of abuse, an allegation or suspects that abuse may have occurred must report it immediately. In Dubai and the United Arab Emirates there is currently no infrastructure of Educational Safeguarding and/or Social Care Services. Following cases which caused concern in the Emirati community, Sheikh Mohammed, the Ruler of Dubai, supported the drafting of a Federal law on child protection â€Å"to ensure a secure and stable future for children in the  U.A.E.† In April 2012, it was reported that Dubai had  "embraced a new policy to protect children against all forms of violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect and offer support and care for those in need.† The policy â€Å"aims to provide protection to Emirati and expatriate children under the age 18 who live permanently or temporarily in Dubai. In November 2012, the UAE Cabinet approved â€Å"Wadeema’s Law† to â€Å"protect children in the UAE.The law includes creating special units that intervene when children are at risk and stresses that all children have rights regardless of religion and nationality.† In conclusion, serious case reviews make an important contribution to understanding what happens in circumstances of significant harm. Their effectiveness can be improved and there are examples of promising approaches using the findings of serious case reviews to bring about improvements in safeguarding practice. However, achieving such improvements requires Local Safeguarding Children Boards to develop a much stronger learning culture within which serious case reviews are but one important source of knowledge for improving safeguarding practice. References Dubaicollege. (2012). Child protection policy. Available: http://www.dubaicollege.org/media/policies/Child%20Protection%20Policy.pdf. Last accessed 03rd May 2014. Willams, rutter, gary (2012). Promoting Individual and Organisational Learning in Social Work. london: SAGE publications. p99-102.

Academic Writing Essentials Essay Example

Academic Writing Essentials Essay Example Academic Writing Essentials Essay Academic Writing Essentials Essay Essay Topic: Academic The definition of academic writing is â€Å"writing an essay, thesis, report, journal article or another document for purposes of educating the reader or achieving some scholarly aim for the writer† (yourdictionary.com). For instance, this essay would be considered academic writing based on the condition of achieving a scholarly aim for myself the â€Å"writer.† I have identified three elements that I believe are vital to good academic writing. These elements are academic vocabulary, using evidence to support your argument, and citing source material. Throughout this essay, I will speak about the importance of these elements. Also, I will briefly discuss a challenge that was discovered as I did research for this essay. A problem that many students face when presented with the task of writing in an academic format. Academic vocabulary refers to words that are traditionally used in academic dialogue and text. These types of words are used to explain a concept; they are not necessarily common or frequently encountered in informal conversations (Spellingcity.com). Academic vocabulary is essential when writing about a specific subject for informative purposes. â€Å"The link between vocabulary and comprehension is well established† (Townsend, D., Kiernan, D. (2015) (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2000; Stahl Fairbanks, 1986). There are general academic words and discipline-specific academic words. â€Å"College-level and professional writing requires clarity both in grammar and word choice so that the reader can easily understand complex ideas† (Moxley, J. (2010). The next element is using evidence to support your argument. This is essential because academic writing is for an educational purpose. The reader needs facts, not just the writer’s opinion. As the writer is presenting the argument, the reader needs evidence to see how the writer arrived at that particular conclusion. This evidence can come in many fo

Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck essays

Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck essays The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck is both a historical and literary depiction of the lives of California migrant workers who became victims to the dry spells that plagued the Dust Bowl regions (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado) during the 1930s. The novel, through the lead characters, Tom Joad and his family, Steinbeck illustrated life of Oklahomans who migrated to California in search for work and living. However, the Joad family's life served as the symbol' representing all California migrant workers during the period. This is because the novel actually discusses the conflict between the California migrant workers (protagonist) and the white American society (antagonist). Moreover, the novel is also a display of conflict between poverty and wealth, as American society shifts from being an agricultural to urban. Conflict between the migrant workers and white Americans in California stemmed from the threat that the migrants posed for the state's inhabitants: the migration of people from the Dust Bowl regions led to lesser opportunities for work and economic resources for them Tom Joad, the main character of the novel, best represent the migrant worker of the 30s, who was forced to leave his home for want of a better life in California. However, hopes for his family's good fortune in their new life led to disillusionment when he witnessed the sorry' state of migrants in and the ugliness' of California. This realization surfaced as they neared and arrived at the state: "Tom looked about the grimy tents, the junk equipment, at the old cars, the lumpy mattresses out in the sun, at the blackened cans on fire-blackened holes where the people cooked" (286). The inevitable conflict that discrimination among migrant workers finally led to Tom's downfall, when he was (wrongfully) accused of killing Casy. His disillusionment and becoming a fugitive bui...

Setting up an independent record label ( BUSINESS PLAN ) Essay

Setting up an independent record label ( BUSINESS PLAN ) - Essay Example The independent music industry around the world is renowned for providing a platform to such artistes who are either not considered commercially viable by the large companies or do not consider themselves worthy enough to approach larger music companies. As a result, such artistes seek the advice or aid of independent labels. Theses labels have recently caught the attention of larger scale companies Like Universal etc for their successful promotion and in fact the astronomical sales of certain artistes is a testimony to the success of the labels. In the United Kingdom alone, certain independent labels such as Stiff Records, factory Records and Rough trade have helped define certain vital niches for the artists they promote. In the United States, these labels have a long history stretching back to post-war period such as Sun Records. (Barry 1997) One of the major success factors of these companies has been technology, as now individuals can produce quality music while sitting at home. The decrease in the costing and access to numerous customers has resulted in the recent expansion of the Indies. (David 1999) This business plan would refer to the set -up of "Zee Ma Records"; an independent music label which would pertain to the music genres of punk rock and dance compilations. The reason for having these two poles opposed to each other music genres is that dance compilations would allow the company to earn a steady amount of income while the actual focus would be on promoting punk rock acts which have been overlooked by major companies. Punk rock acts are huge in number and this business plan would be focusing on the punk rocks in the United Kingdom. Another reason for the selection of this particular genre has been the fact that numerous acts have been successful in the recent times in the independent sector especially and therefore a viable sector to invest in. Zee Ma records stands for quality and Originality and it offers contracts to artists with the assurance of proper representation. (Shemtob & Braund 2005) This company would be operating on a smaller scale in the initial phase and therefore, the key personnel would be of a limited number as the cost actor has to be kept in mind at all times. The initial operational phase would include three members as the entire management team. The director would be the main face of the corporation who would handle all the management, legal and business affairs as well as having the final say in the accounts. However, for most deals and contracts specialists would be hired to deal with them as the director would be relatively inexperienced initially. (Andrew 2005) The other two personnel would be responsible for the office administration, book-keeping, press, radio and media promotion. The staff costs would therefore, vary according to the skills of the personnel and the amount of work required from them. The label would offer two sorts of contract; a royalty contract and a 50:50 profit split. The contracts terms and conditions would vary according to the reputation of the artist, their time of association with the label, and their success

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Assignment 1 - Essay Example The company commands about 8 percent of the US TV households (Media General, 2013). The company donates funds to various community programs and helps in highlighting social problems through some of the documentaries (Media General, 2013). Accordingly, employees have an opportunity of volunteering their time in community service. The company is also committed to conserving the environment through recycling and limiting the use of natural resources like water and oil (Media General, 2013). However, the company must improve on the social performance through ensuring diversity in the workforce through recruiting more individuals from the minority ethnic groups in the society. In addition, Media General, Inc must allocate about 10 percent of its net income towards additional employment benefits and corporate social responsibility initiatives. There are several stakeholders in the organization. There are both primary and secondary stakeholders. The primary stakeholders have a direct and co ntractual relationship with the organization and include the shareholders, government, employees, customers, advertisers, business partners, and creditors (Kottler, 2012). The shareholders are the providers of capital while customers create demand for the company products. The creditors provide debt finance while the government provides for the legal framework for reinforcing the business contracts and security of organizational assets (Kottler, 2012). The advertisers provide revenues while business partners assist in various forms such as provision of telecommunication infrastructure and managerial expertise. The employees provide the human talent, skills and knowledge that are needed in executing the operations of the organization (Polonsky, 2005). The secondary stakeholders do not have a contractual and direct relationship with the company, but they desire the organization to adhere to certain social expectations. The secondary stakeholders include the public, the labor unions, a cademic and research institutions and special interest groups. The labor unions expect the organization to adhere to labor laws while special interest groups like minority groups expect the company to ensure diversity in the staff. Advocacy groups like environmental conservation groups expect the company to exert efforts in minimizing pollution, highlighting social problems like disasters and child labor (Polonsky, 2005). Academic and research institutions expect the organization to contribute towards creating employment while the general public members are interested in the long term existence of the company. There is a trade-off among the interests of various stakeholders in the organization. It is my duty as the CEO to harmonize the conflicting interests of stakeholders and ensure the organization meets its goals of improving the social performance (Kottler, 2012). For instance, the shareholders expect a higher than average rate of return on their investment in the company. The b usiness partners and advertisers expect representation in decision-making. On the other hand, employees expect the company to adhere with their contractual agreements, pay high salaries and offer additional benefits (Kottler, 2012). The customers expect appealing news and continuous provision of new information. In this regard, the stakeholders can either facilitate or

Identification and Elimination of Bottleneck for Competitive Advantage Term Paper

Identification and Elimination of Bottleneck for Competitive Advantage - Term Paper Example Identification of Process Bottlenecks The implementation of Six Sigma Principle involved a step by step improvement of quality standard. The processes which improve the system’s overall quality often prove to be the ones restricting the capacity of the system and overall process. The constraints of the system results in inherent flaws and reduces the operational efficiency, thereby impacting the profits. The processes which act as a constraint in Mario Pizza Store increase the cycle time1 resulting in a decrease in the profits and leads to customer annoyance. The main constraints of the system are the order processing time and wait time for the customers (Shafer and Meredith, 2009). The order processing time includes the time spent in order acquisition and manufacturing of Pizza until the customer is served. The order acquisition by the waiters is a difficult measure to model and improve because of the presence of a human element. The menu points can solve this tangle giving a rather measurable indicator which can be worked on. The manufacturing involves the presence to required ingredients in the right shelves which are readily accessible by the kitchen staff (Stevenson, 2011). The processing time of the ovens is another indicator which can be easily monitored and improved by the utilization of automatic ovens and utilization of better technology. The automatic ovens can also help to reduce the kitchen staff. The second constraint highlighted in the process is the wait time of the customer which is inturn dependent on the length of the queue and seating capacity. The enhancement in seating capacity is a strategic decision involving serious financial implications and is not advisable because the same would result in under utilization of seating capacity during non-peak hours thereby increasing the maintenance costs (Jacobs and Chase, 2010). The improvement in the order processing time can reduce the waiting time as well which would reduce the overall cyc le time. The main constraint in the system causing a bottleneck is the order processing time whose improvement will definitely improve the waiting time. The emphasis should therefore be placed on the improvement of order processing time (Stevenson, 2010). 1Cycle Time: The total time a customer spends in the Pizza store from entry till departure. Improvement in Bottleneck Resource The order processing time can be reduced thereby optimizing the overall process capability. The introduction of better cooking oven, the availability of inventory and the placement of ingredients at the right place can significantly reduce the processing time. The placement of ingredients in readily accessible shelves will reduce the movements of the kitchen staff. Advanced cooking ovens will not only improve the processing time but the setup time as well. The availability of inventory will reduce the idle time of the ovens (Jacobs, Chase and Aquilano, 2005). Conclusion The correct identification, diligent analysis and successful improvements in a bottleneck enhance the overall performance of the system. The suggested measures will not only reduce the overall cycle time but will also be instrumental in increasing the profit margin as well as the customer satisfaction. The improvement in the core technology & inventory system will reduce the process time of bottleneck and perk up the system’s overall efficiency. As Goldratt said â€Å"